康明斯柴油机及其附件总成的修理技巧

论述了康明斯柴油机在长期停用后、起动前应润滑其增压器全浮动轴承的必要性。在维修HIC8253AF/E18DA11涡轮增压器时,应注意增压器排气口漏机油、轴承损坏及空压机漏机油等故障。介绍了气缸盖、气缸体的修理技巧,以及诊断燃油继断器电磁阀、喷油泵泵头上的三角螺塞拧紧力矩不足或胶圈老化等故障的经验。     

空气悬架系统的干涉应力分析

由于国内特殊的路面条件,导致有些国外比较成熟的产品在国内却出现了很多故障。以几种国内客车常用的典型空气悬架系统的结构分析为例,分析了“干涉应力”产生的原因及可能产生的后果。指出:大部分空气悬架发生故障是由于悬架系统存在“干涉应力,”而悬架结构设计不合理是导致悬架系统产生“干涉应力”的主要原因。建议在设计悬架系统时,尽量避免导致系统产生“干涉应力”的结构出现。     

应用PQI评价沥青路面离析的研究

沥青路面施工过程中会出现不同程度的离析,以往判断施工离析的方法主要凭借肉眼观察和钻芯取样,缺乏科学性和可信性。由于没有合适的测量手段和评价方法,导致对于离析的判断处于破损性检测和定性评价的阶段。文章介绍在某高速公路沥青下面层施工过程质量检测中,采用PQI(Pavement Quality Indicator)快速、无破损检测路面的空隙率,直观定性分析路面离析的情况和找到离析的原因,然后利用统计分析的方法可以定量评价路面离析程度及范围。     

大客车空气弹簧动态特性的试验分析

空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，其振动频率要比钢板弹簧低得多。对客车用空气簧动态特性进行了试验分析。结果表明，空气弹簧在多种载荷工况下特性曲线具有相似性，说明一种空气弹簧适合于多种载荷的汽车；空气弹簧的动刚度主要取决于激励频率，在低频范围内幅值比较小，高频范围内幅值比较大。     

汽车空气悬架的现状展趋势

在相同的载荷作用下，空气弹簧可以得到比钢板弹簧低得多的振动频率，从而提高行驶平中性；空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，固有频率可以根据需要而适当地改变，由于其具有优良的性质，使得空气悬架在汽车悬架系统中的应用越来越广泛，在国外已渐渐发展成为标准装备，中对空气悬架的现状及发展趋势进行了阐述，同时分析了空气悬架的结构和工作原理，空气弹簧的特性及其在整车中的布置方式。     

内燃机泄放失效机油存在的问题及解决方法

指出了内燃机油底壳上放油螺丝在使用中存在的问题 ,分析由此而引起的后果 ,提出了排放失效机油过程中所需达到的要求 ,介绍了内燃机机油专用放油阀门     

汽车自动空调的电控系统及其维修

以日本丰田ＬｅｘｕｓＬＳ４００ＵＣＦ１０型汽车用微机控制折自动调系统为例，介绍了汽车自动空调电控系统的组成，以以系统中各元器件的结构、功能及维修方法，并论述了电子控制单元的控制功能和电控系统的自我诊断功能。     

船舶气囊下水工艺实践与发展前景

本文叙述船舶气囊下水新工艺在我国内河中、小型船厂近年来的实践，提出和总结气囊下水工艺有关计算方法和注意事项。鉴于气囊下水新工艺有其独特的优越性，并随着气囊制造质量和下水工艺不断完善提高，气囊下水新工艺必会有较好的发展前景，下水船舶重量期望可提高到2000t。     

Elasticities for taxicab fares and service availability

This study utilizes a unique dataset from New York City to examine the effects of taxi fare increases on trip demand and the availability of taxi service. The elasticity of trip demand with respect to fares is estimated to be –0.22; the elasticity of service availability with respect to the taxi fare is 0.28; and the elasticity of service availability with respect to total supply of service is near 1.0. These results have important implications for taxi regulatory decisions. First, fare increases do substantially increase industry revenues but at a lesser rate than the percentage increase in the fare. The implication for policy-makers is that fare elasticities must be carefully considered to obtain desired improvements in drivers' earnings. Second, service availability -- an important aspect of service quality that is generally overlooked during fare policy debates -- should be a central consideration in fare setting, given the considerable impact of fares on availability. Finally, where the supply of cabs needs to be expanded, the number of cabs can be significantly increased without harming the revenue stream of existing operators. This finding alleviates a major industry objection to issuing additional taxicab licenses.     

Competition and public service obligations in European aviation markets

This paper analyzes the effect of universal service policies on the airline markets of five European Union countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) in the period 2002–2010. Results show that airfare discount schemes for island residents raise demand and positively affect competition and the number of flights at the route level. These effects are evident in France and Italy, but are particularly marked in Spain. By contrast, public service obligations (PSOs) reduce competition on the protected routes, while their effect on the number of flights differs depending on national regulations. In Spain, routes protected with PSOs have greater flight frequencies than those on unprotected routes of similar characteristics, but in France, Italy and the UK the opposite result is found. The empirical model also finds that on routes with low-cost airlines market concentration is smaller and there is a larger number of flights. This result is relevant for the design of universal service policy, since in recent years low-cost airlines have entered a number of thin routes and have increased access to air transportation.