"树形图"在水手英语教学中的设计与应用

文章阐述了“树形图”的教学方式及其基本形式。在分析了《水手英语》学科特点和海上专业学生实际需要的基础上,提出了“树形图”在《水手英语》教学实践中的具体设计和应用。     

Time-dependent area-based pricing for multimodal systems with heterogeneous users in an agent-based environment

In this paper, we investigate an area-based pricing scheme for congested multimodal urban networks with the consideration of user heterogeneity. We propose a time-dependent pricing scheme where the tolls are iteratively adjusted through a Proportional–Integral type feedback controller, based on the level of vehicular traffic congestion and traveler’s behavioral adaptation to the cost of pricing. The level of congestion is described at the network level by a Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram, which has been recently applied to develop network-level traffic management strategies. Within this dynamic congestion pricing scheme, we differentiate two groups of users with respect to their value-of-time (which related to income levels). We then integrate incentives, such as improving public transport services or return part of the toll to some users, to motivate mode shift and increase the efficiency of pricing and to attain equitable savings for all users. A case study of a medium size network is carried out using an agent-based simulator. The developed pricing scheme demonstrates high efficiency in congestion reduction. Comparing to pricing schemes that utilize similar control mechanisms in literature which do not treat the adaptivity of users, the proposed pricing scheme shows higher flexibility in toll adjustment and a smooth behavioral stabilization in long-term operation. Significant differences in behavioral responses are found between the two user groups, highlighting the importance of equity treatment in the design of congestion pricing schemes. By integrating incentive programs for public transport using the collected toll revenue, more efficient pricing strategies can be developed where savings in travel time outweigh the cost of pricing, achieving substantial welfare gain.     

发动机修理中配气相位变化的生产调查分析

运用质量管理学和误差理化，对汽车发动机修理中的配气相位变化情况进行了生产调查及生产工艺分析，指出了有效地解决发动机配气相位质量问题的途径，是认真改进零件的修复工艺和严格检查配件质量。     

A new approach for modeling of Fundamental Diagrams

According to the intra-vehicle interaction, a traffic flow can generally be divided into three homogeneous states (1) that of free driving, (2) that of bunched driving, and (3) that of standing. The parameter describing the state of free driving is the desired speed, for the state of bunching it is the intra-vehicle gaps (time headway) within the convoy and the mean speed of the convoy, and for the state of standing it is the maximum jam density. These are the most essential parameters which do not depend on the actual traffic situation.This paper introduces a new model which considers the Fundamental Diagram (equilibrium speed–flow–density relationship) as a function of the homogeneous states. All traffic situations in reality can be considered as combinations of the homogeneous states and therefore can be described by the essential parameters mentioned above. The non-congested (fluid) traffic is a combination (superposition) of the states of free driving and bunched driving, the congested (jam, stop, and go) traffic is a combination of the states of bunched driving (go) and standing (stop). The contribution of the traffic states within the differently congested traffic situations can then be easily obtained from the queuing and probability theory. As a result, Fundamental Diagram in all equilibrium traffic situations is derived as simple functions of the essential parameters.According to the new model the capacity of freeways and rural highways can be determined by measuring the essential parameters. This is much easier than measuring the capacity directly.Furthermore, the probabilities of the various traffic states can be obtained from the new model. This leads to new possibilities in real-time controlling and telematics.The new model is verified by comprehensive measurements carried out on freeways and rural highways in Germany.     

基于地铁施工安全事故统计规律的致险因素关系研究

地铁施工中作业环境复杂、风险因素多样,致使地铁施工事故频发。文章通过统计2001年—2019年的国内地铁施工事故案例,分析事故特征和发生规律。在此基础上,针对不同事故类型采用鱼骨图分析法辨识出潜在致险因素,并研究致险因素之间的关系。     

Dynamic modeling and control of taxi services in large-scale urban networks: A macroscopic approach

Taxis are increasingly becoming a prominent mobility mode in many major cities due to their accessibility and convenience. The growing number of taxi trips and the increasing contribution of taxis to traffic congestion are cause for concern when vacant taxis are not distributed optimally within the city and are unable to find unserved passengers effectively. A way of improving taxi operations is to deploy a taxi dispatch system that matches the vacant taxis and waiting passengers while considering the search friction dynamics. This paper presents a network-scale taxi dispatch model that takes into account the interrelated impact of normal traffic flows and taxi dynamics while optimizing for an effective dispatching system. The proposed model builds on the concept of the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) to represent the dynamic evolution of traffic conditions. The model considers multiple taxi service firms operating in a heterogeneously congested city, where the city is assumed to be partitioned into multiple regions each represented with a well-defined MFD. A model predictive control approach is devised to control the taxi dispatch system. The results show that lack of the taxi dispatching system leads to severe accumulation of unserved taxi passengers and vacant taxis in different regions whereas the dispatch system improves the taxi service performance and reduces traffic congestion by regulating the network towards the undersaturated condition. The proposed framework demonstrates sound potential management schemes for emerging mobility solutions such as fleet of automated vehicles and demand-responsive transit services.     

Agent-based en-route diversion: Dynamic behavioral responses and network performance represented by Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams

This paper focuses on modeling agents’ en-route diversion behavior under information provision. The behavior model is estimated based on naïve Bayes rules and re-calibrated using a Bayesian approach. Stated-preference driving simulator data is employed for model estimation. Bluetooth-based field data is employed for re-calibration. Then the behavior model is integrated with a simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment model. A traffic incident scenario along with variable message signs (VMS) is designed and analyzed under the context of a real-world large-scale transportation network to demonstrate the integrated model and the impact of drivers’ dynamic en-route diversion behavior on network performance. Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) is employed as a measurement to represent traffic dynamics. This research has quantitatively evaluated the impact of information provision and en-route diversion in a VMS case study. It proposes and demonstrates an original, complete, behaviorally sound, and cost-effective modeling framework for potential analyses and evaluations related to Advanced Traffic Information System (ATIS) and real-time operational applications.     

第三方运行图编制软件在轨道交通线网中的应用

近年来,随着很多城市轨道交通线网的逐步形成,每条线路可能采用不同厂家的信号系统,导致列车运行图编制软件版本众多,给运行图编制人员带来诸多的不便.引进第三方的运行图编制软件,由第三方软件统一铺画完运行图再导入其他ATS中使用,编制人员就可以避免学习多个运行图编制软件,缩短时间,节省人力,提高工作效率.通过实例,证明该项目的可行性.     

故障树分析的二元决策图方法

为了克服故障树方法分析复杂系统存在的不足,引入二元决策图理论,把故障树转化成二元决策图;然后自上而下遍历二元决策图,得到最小割集和顶事件发生的概率.二元决策图转化过程中,基本事件的排序直接影响二元决策图的结构大小.在不改变故障树逻辑关系的前提下,先对故障树进行简化,除去一些冗余的部分;然后从故障树结构重要度的角度,对简化后故障树的基本事件进行排序.实例证明所采用的基本事件排序方法是有效的,能够简化故障树定性和定量分析过程.