铁路隧道防灾通风射流风机安装位置对通风效果的影响

采用网络通风算法,确定铁路隧道紧急出口及隧道口救援站内防灾通风工况下的射流风机型号及数量;采用三维数值方法,研究紧急出口辅助坑道内及隧道口救援站平行导洞内射流风机安装位置对防灾通风效果的影响,提出射流风机安装位置与防护门及隧道口救援站最外侧联络通道之间的距离建议值.结果表明:对于单车道辅助坑道紧急出口,射流风机安装位置...     

汽车自燃的预防与紧急处理

随着经济的发展,汽车逐渐普及,汽车自燃因危害巨大,越来越受到人们的关注。本文系统地分析汽车自燃的原因,并阐述了五个方面的预防措施,以及发生自燃后,如何紧急处理减少损失。     

船舶溢油污染事故应急处理方法探析

文章阐述了船舶发生溢油污染事故时,应采取的应急处理,具体包括应急行动准备工作、应急处理措施、应急处理安全与防护措施,具有较高的实用价值。     

普速铁路无缝线路钢轨折断工务应急处置措施探讨

低温季节无缝线路钢轨断轨故障时有发生,制定规范的无缝线路断轨故障应急处置程序,是确保铁路运输安全和畅通的保障。本文就普速无缝线路轨道红光带检查、防护设置、现场操作程序等断轨故障发生后应急处置要领进行阐述,总结迅速抢修注意事项,可为提高相关作业人员断轨应急处置能力提供帮助。     

Fair dynamic resource allocation in transit-based evacuation planning

Resource allocation in transit-based emergency evacuation is studied in this paper. The goal is to find a method for allocation of resources to communities in an evacuation process which is (1) fair, (2) reasonably efficient, and (3) able to dynamically adapt to the changes to the emergency situation. Four variations of the resource allocation problem, namely maximum rate, minimum clearance time, maximum social welfare, and proportional fair resource allocation, are modeled and compared. It is shown that the optimal answer to each problem can be found efficiently. Additionally, a distributed and dynamic algorithm based on the Lagrangian dual approach, called PFD²A, is developed to find the proportional fair allocation of resources and update the evacuation process in real time whenever new information becomes available. Numerical results for a sample scenario are presented.     

Performability evaluation of the ERTMS/ETCS – Level 3

Level 3 of the ERTMS/ETCS improves the capacity of railways by replacing fixed-block signalling, which prevents a train to enter a block occupied by another train, with moving block signalling, which allows a train to proceed as long as it receives radio messages ensuring that the track ahead is clear of other trains. If messages are lost, a train must stop for safety reasons within a given deadline, even though the track ahead is clear, making the availability of the communication link crucial for successful operation.We combine analytic evaluation of failures due to burst noise and connection losses with numerical solution of a non-Markovian model representing also failures due to handovers between radio stations. In so doing, we show that handovers experienced by a pair of chasing trains periodically affect the availability of the radio link, making behavior of the overall communication system recurrent over the hyper-period of periodic message releases and periodic arrivals at cell borders. As a notable aspect, non-Markovian transient analysis within two hyper-periods is sufficient to derive an upper bound on the first-passage time distribution to an emergency brake, permitting to achieve a trade-off between railway throughput and stop probability. A sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to train speed and headway distance, permitting to gain insight into the consequences of system-level design choices.     

铁路隧道群划分标准的影响因素及其救援站设置探讨

现行规范中规定"隧道与隧道紧密相连、隧道洞口间距不超过400 m的相邻隧道统称为隧道群",根据该规定,需设置较多数量的紧急救援站和配套工程,工程投资巨大。开创性地从火灾情况下烟气蔓延时温度、可视度方面着手,采用理论分析和实际调研的方法,研究铁路隧道群划分标准及其救援站设置原则。研究结果表明:(1)隧道群中隧道口间距大于250 m时发生火灾,相邻隧道基本互不影响;(2)当隧道洞口间距小于250 m时,可以将相邻的隧道理解为隧道群;(3)隧道洞口间设置了车站的相邻隧道可不受洞口间距控制是否作为隧道群设计,可在相邻的隧道设置射流风机,控制烟雾向隧道内扩散;(4)隧道群中的紧急救援站应尽可能布置在明线上,救援站长度应依据任意车厢着火,且列车均在明线停车考虑。     

《船长业务信息管理系统》的研究

提出《船长业务信息管理系统》的结构、编制该系统的原则和要求,介绍了编制该系统的步骤,对研制船长业务信息管理系统有重要的指导意义,它弥补了船长业务管理在计算机应用领域的空白,能取得较好的经济效益和社会效益,具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

水上突发险情与VTS应急处置

国际政治安全形势的变化莫测、我国对和谐社会的追求、航运经济以及海事自身的发展水平迫切要求建立水上突发险情应急处理机制,以深化海事监管体制改革,增强险情预防的针对性,提高水上突发险情的应急处置能力,尽可能地减少险情发生时所造成的人民生命和财产损失。