基于运量的国民经济效益网络计算法

通过对现行国民经济效益计算方法的研究．运用交通分配理论论证了现行计算方法中运量分析存在的问题。依据交通分配理论和消费者剩余理论，将交通建设项目吸引区内整个路网作为研究对象，建立了基于运量的国民经济效益网络计算法。实例计算表明该方法的有效性。     

Productivity change of the Spanish Port System: impact of the economic crisis

ABSTRACT

The main goal of this study was to assess the impact of the economic crisis on the productivity growth of the Spanish Port System (SPS). The Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) was estimated for the 28 Port Authorities of the SPS, for a ‘non-crisis period’ (2005–2008) and a ‘crisis period’ (2008–2011). From a policy perspective, the MPI is a very useful approach for assessing the productivity change because it can be decomposed into the catching-up index and the frontier productivity index. The results showed that the economic crisis did not impact all of the Spanish Port Authorities equally. Some Port Authorities presented higher productivity growth during the crisis period than in the non-crisis period. Further analysis by the Mann–Whitney test revealed that Port Authority investments and productivity growth were statistically related. Information provided by this study may be very useful for stakeholders and decision-makers, in terms of long-term strategic planning and improving the competitiveness of the SPS. The findings illustrate that the economic crisis should not be seen as an international tragedy, but as an opportunity to adapt port traffics and installations to new needs and market demands.     

Impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative in the Indian subcontinent under future port development scenarios

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is twofold: the first is to assess the extent to which current port development initiatives contribute to securing the status of the Port of Colombo as a regional transshipment (T/S) hub to serve the Indian subcontinent; and the second is to generate plausible future development scenarios for the maritime industry in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). A scenario analysis method is applied to examine the past trends and to build future development scenarios. The results showed that major Indian ports have experienced a significant growth in cargo volumes and vessel traffic. South and East Indian coastal ports continue to use the Port of Colombo as a T/S port in tandem with the corridors connected to the Indian Ocean. Scenario analysis highlights the growing importance of BRI-centric land-based economic corridors, which would generate a large amount of cargos from hinterlands up to China. This would be further fueled through the Great Mekong region-driven industrialization, which would add to the west-bound maritime cargo volume. The paper concludes that the increased capital influx from China would more likely to result in a substantial development of the present port and road/rail infrastructure in Sri Lanka.     

加强专属经济区内海事执法工作的探讨

随着世界各国越来越重视海洋资源的占有、开发和利用，国家间，尤其是沿海国之间在专属经济区的管辖和权力方面的争端也接连发生。各沿海国为了维护自身利益，试图通过《国际海洋法公约》的相关划界条款来争取更大的专属经济区面积。文中对专属经济区制度和中国专属经济区的管理现状作了简要介绍，并在分析专属经济区开展海事执法的必要性和法律依据的基础上，为海事部门加强专属经济区内执法工作提出了相关建议。     

Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping

Various market-based measures have been proposed to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping. One promising mechanism under consideration is the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). This study analyzes and benchmarks the economic implications of two alternative ETS mechanisms, namely, an open ETS compared to a Maritime only ETS (METS). The analytical solutions and model calibration results allow us to quantify the impacts of alternative ETS schemes on the container shipping sector and the dry bulk shipping sector. It is found that an ETS, whether open or maritime only, will decrease shipping speed, carrier outputs and fuel consumption for both the container and dry bulk sectors, even in the presence of a “wind-fall” profit to shipping companies. Under an open ETS, the dry bulk sector will suffer from a higher proportional reduction in output than the container sector, and will thus sell more emission permits or purchase fewer permits. Under an METS, container carriers will buy emission permits from the dry bulk side. In addition, under an METS the degree of competition within one sector will have spill-over effects on the other sector. Specifically, when the sector that sells (buys) permits is more collusive (competitive), the equilibrium permit price will rise. This study provides a framework for identifying the moderating effects of market structure and competition between firms on emission reduction schemes, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the differential impacts of ETS schemes on individual sectors within an industry when considering alternative policies.     

Effect of transportation infrastructure on economic growth in India: The VECM approach

This paper examines the effect of transportation (road and rail) infrastructure on economic growth in India over the period 1970–2010. Using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the paper finds bidirectional causality between road transportation and economic growth. It also finds bidirectional causality between road transportation and capital formation, bidirectional causality between gross domestic capital formation and economic growth, unidirectional causality from rail transportation to economic growth and unidirectional causality from rail transportation to gross capital formation. The paper suggests that expansion of transport infrastructure (both road and rail) along with gross capital formation will lead to substantial growth of the Indian economy. Therefore, within its stated scope, this study suggests that a suitable transport policy should be retained to boost transportation infrastructure and hence sustainable economic growth in India.     

基于某车型动力性能匹配设计与驾驶性验收

随着现代汽车技术的飞速发展以及人们对于生活品质的需求提升,汽车动力性、经济性和舒适性成为了影响汽车市场成功的主要因素,其中汽车动力性又是汽车最基本、最重要的性能。这种匹配过程必须从两侧进行,但实际上,发动机的特性占据首要地位,变速器的特性必须适应发动机来实现匹配。对于特定的车辆,在初步确定汽车造型、总质量、轮胎规格以及性能目标后,为使汽车发挥最佳的动力性、经济性和舒适性,合理的匹配发动机和传动系统各参数显得尤为重要。在这种情况下,本文通过对标竞品车动力性性能、经济性能的客观测试和驾驶性的主观评价,初步确定某车型的开发目标;然后搭建仿真平台并基于该目标以及现有的整车参数、发动机特性进行正向计算得到某车型变速器各档位理论总速比;再结合现有资源确定3组可行的速比,并使用搭建的仿真平台进行动力性、经济性模拟计算,确定最优方案;最终实车搭载并完成基础标定后进行主客观测试。结果显示车辆性能优异,主客观评价均满足开发需求。在开发过程中借助计算机,仿真软件等高效工具,大大缩短了产品开发周期同时又保证了开发车型的动力性经济性能满足设计目标。     

经济潜力模型法量化高速公路对沿线经济的带动效益

从空间经济学中的经济潜力模型出发,探讨了高速公路对沿线及周边地区经济的带动效益问题。通过提出区域可接近性概念,并利用区域经济潜力模型量化分析了高速公路对沿线区域经济的影响,并结合实际案例(京沪高速公路河北境内青县至吴桥段高速公路)测算出了高速公路对沿线区域经济增长的贡献。研究结果表明:至2020年,青吴高速公路对沿线经济的带动效益达13亿左右。     

沥青混凝土加铺层的技术经济性分析

文章运用寿命周期费用分析的方法,对国道322线全州-桂林段一级公路路面大修方案A和方案B进行技术经济性分析,寻求技术可行、经济性最佳的方案。通过比较得出方案A(加铺沥青混凝土)优于方案B(加铺水泥混凝土)。     

论财务管理在医疗机构发展中的作用

随着国家医疗卫生改革的不断深入,医院要想在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地,医院必须加强财务管理工作。笔者从发挥财务监督职能、财务工作透明化,确定财务管理目标、合理编制财务预算,建立健全财务制度内部控制制度,实行成本核算,搞好医院财务活动的分析和评价五个方面进行了论述,有利于提高医院财务管理水平,使医院在错综复杂的市场竞争环境中立于不败之地。