既有桥梁改造方案经济分析模型的构建

在确定既有桥梁各种改造方案的基础上,从工程经济的原理出发,在桥梁全寿命期内,考虑所有可能发生的费用,建立桥梁的全寿命周期费用模型(平均年费用模型),并且对加固、重建方案的平均年费用进行相互比较、分析。同时还基于平均年费用的分析模式,对桥梁的经济使用寿命进行了预测。     

Seaports and the structural implications of the economic crisis

The 2008 credit crunch and the subsequent economic crisis ended a period that lasted over two decades wherein international seaports around the globe experienced double-digit volume increases. This chapter provides an analysis of the structural effects that the crisis has on seaports, focusing mostly on developments in Europe. It does so via an examination of (a) the crisis implication for each of the four major types of transport flows that account for the vast majority of port throughput worldwide; (b) the prospects for future capacity organisation and development, given the realignment of the involvement strategies that the various stakeholders (i.e., governments, port authorities, service providers, users, investors) endorse in reaction to the financial tsunami; and (c) the adjustment opportunities, that the trade downturn unintentionally provides, allowing for correction of existing misallocations in the sector via the deployment of relevant adjustment strategies by the related actors. Recapping the identified structural consequences, the final section concludes on the changing role and responsibilities of port authorities and the ‘new issues’ that will require further investigation in the post-financial tsunami era.     

航运对长江生态环境的影响和绿色航运体系研究

总结长江航运业对长江水、气、声、生态造成的影响,认为其污染具有长期性、分散性、固定性、流动性和复杂性的特点。为此,构建以生态港口和航道以及新型船舶制造为核心,以行业标准、环境监测网和科学研究为支撑的一套完整的绿色航运体系,对长江航运建设和绿色航运理念的推广具有借鉴意义。     

The impact of high-speed rail investment on economic and environmental change in China: A dynamic CGE analysis

This study investigates the impact of high-speed rail investment on the economy and environment in China using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The analysis is implemented in a dynamic recursive framework capturing long-run capital accumulation and labor market equilibrium. A national level impact was simulated through direct impact drivers including land use conversion, output expansion, cost reduction, productivity increase, transport demand substitution and induced demand. The results suggest that rail investment in China over the past decade has been a positive stimulus to the economy, while the effect on CO₂ emissions generation has been large. Overall, the economic impacts of rail investment are achieved primarily through induced demand and output expansion, whereas the contribution from a reduction of rail transportation costs and rail productivity increases were modest. In addition, negligible negative impacts were found from land use for rail development and the substitution effect among other modes. Emissions reduction from substitution of rail for other modes was small and offset by output expansion due to lowered rail transport costs and induced demand.     

机械化施工方案的技术经济分析

通过对机械化施工方案技术经济的重要性和分析步骤的叙述,介绍了机械化施工中工程成本的内容和计算方法,并重点描述了施工方案技术经济分析方法中常用的工程成本法和回收期计算法.     

内外贸同船运输下长江经济带穿梭巴士网络优化

为研究内外贸同船运输政策对航运企业布局长江经济带穿梭巴士网络的影响，本文允许同一船舶同时运输内贸集装箱和外贸集装箱，以总运输成本最小化为目标，考虑服务频率、多航次、时间窗、载重量等约束，构建基于轴辐式的长江经济带集装箱穿梭巴士网络优化模型。针对该模型，本文设计了包含5种破坏算子和2种修复算子的自适应大邻域算法求解模型，并选取上海和长江干线19个港口间的内贸集装箱运输和外贸集装箱运输进行实证分析。研究结果表明： 实施内外贸同船政策可节约23.6%的总运输成本，提升平均舱位利用率至87%。该政策改变了原有穿梭巴士的网络结构，直达航次比例增加17%，加快了穿梭巴士的周转。同时，相比于设置1个枢纽港，长江经济带下游将南京港和太仓港共同设置为枢纽港更有利于中上游内外贸集装箱的中转，可节约6%~17%的总运输成本。     

Resilience in transportation systems: a systematic review and future directions

ABSTRACT

The Belt and Road (B&R) initiative was introduced by the Chinese government to promote the worldwide economic development and multilateral cooperation between China and the associated countries. As a crucial part of global supply chains, transportation plays a key role to ensure the implementation of the B&R. Safety is one of the issues with great importance in transportation research. However, its foci have been expanded from traditional risk through security to resilience and sustainability. Resilience has attracted considerable interests from both researchers and practitioners across different research domains in recent years. Various studies have been conducted on transportation resilience from different perspectives. Consequently, different definitions have been developed to define and describe resilience. This paper presents a systematic review on transportation resilience with emphasis on its definitions, characteristics, and research methods applied in different transportation systems/contexts. It aims to figure out what transportation resilience is and what kind of essential characters it usually has. More importantly, research challenges are analysed and a future research agenda on the resilience of transportation systems is proposed. This paper will provide comprehensive insights into understanding the transportation resilience, as well as establish new horizons for relevant research topics within the context of the B&R.     

城市交通综合改善项目经济效益分析方法研究

通过分析综合交通改善的特点,抽象分析各子项目的影响范围,提出现有测算方法存在重复计算的问题。然后,分析各子项目经济效益产生机理和测算指标及其特点,得到对各子项目的经济效益测算是针对几种受益主体进行分析的结论,提出对客车、公交车、自行车、行人和管理单位等受益主体进行综合经济效益分析的方法。     

实质重于形式原则在企业的运用分析

依据新的《企业会计准则》,从会计核算的确认、计量、记录和报告等方面分析了实质重于形式原则在会计实务中的运用及存在问题。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区文化软实力建设刍议

鄱阳湖生态经济区文化软实力建设是提升鄱阳湖生态经济区整体实力和竞争力的必然要求，是指基于已有文化资源，通过采取相应举措，增强其内在的凝聚力、生命力、创新力和外在的感召力、吸引力、影响力。丰富的文化资源是文化软实力建设的基础。鄱阳湖生态经济区文化资源转化为文化软实力还面临内在凝聚力不强、对外传播力不大等诸多困境，提炼核心价值观、加强传播力度、推进资源开发、吸纳优质人才、强化合作交流、构建长效机制是破解困境之策。