Pedestrian detection for traffic safety based on Accumulate Binary Haar features and improved deep belief network algorithm

ABSTRACT

In order to improve traffic safety and protect pedestrians, an improved and efficient pedestrian detection method for auto driver assistance systems is proposed. Firstly, an improved Accumulate Binary Haar (ABH) feature extraction algorithm is proposed. In this novel feature, Haar features keep only the ordinal relationship named by binary Haar features. Then, the feature brings in the idea of a Local Binary Pattern (LBP), assembling several neighboring binary Haar features to improve discriminating power and reduce the effect of illumination. Next, a pedestrian classification method based on an improved deep belief network (DBN) classification algorithm is proposed. An improved method of input is constructed using a Restricted Bolzmann Machine (RBM) with T distribution function visible layer nodes, which can convert information on pedestrian features to a Bernoulli distribution, and the Bernoulli distribution can then be used for recognition. In addition, a middle layer of the RBM structure is created, which achieves data transfer between the hidden layer structure and keeps the key information. Finally, the cost-sensitive Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used for the output of the classifier, which could address the class-imbalance problem. Extensive experiments show that the improved DBN pedestrian detection method is better than other shallow classic algorithms, and the proposed method is effective and sufficiently feasible for pedestrian detection in complex urban environments.     

Protection of Critical Waterborne Transport Infrastructures: An Economic Review

It is essential that transport infrastructures are protected against events which cause their failure. At an optimal level of protection, the sum of protection costs and expected residual damages following from disruptions will be minimized. In most cases however, this optimal level is not achieved because infrastructure protection is susceptible to various market and government failures. This brings us to the question who (a private or public actor) should do how much (the level of protection and intervention). This question is addressed in the present paper.

The starting point of the paper is the Directive of the European Council on the identification and designation of European Critical Infrastructures. We review the protection of critical waterborne transport infrastructures from an economic perspective. The review is based on a literature study and several interviews with Critical Infrastructure experts. For the studied infrastructures, we have identified causes and effects of their failure and examined the private–public roles in protecting them. Considering the market and government failures which occur in such configuration of roles, we propose several changes. We conclude that from a national policy perspective there are two important routes: (1) reinforcement of private sector roles among others by defining liabilities and providing information on risks and (2) strengthening of supra-national collaboration via improving and standardizing regulations, cost-sharing initiatives and penalty systems.     

大型填海造地工程堵口方案设计

作为拓展生存空间和发展空间重要手段的填海造地在世界上众多沿海国家得到广泛实践。填海造地的主要工程内容是围堰和吹(回)填,而围堰的合龙设计对工程的施工、安全和工程造价影响巨大。以大型填海造地工程为例,论述如何根据工程地质、地形、潮流等特点,合理确定龙口的位置以及分区分仓、水力计算、龙口保护、施工安全和经济性等内容,并总结龙口设计的关键点和标准化流程。     

基于文物热安全度的文物保护环境控制研究

合理有效地控制文物保存环境是文物保护最基本和最重要的工作。规范里对文物保护环境的温度控制仅从环境温度方面着手,而该参数并不能真正反映文物的温度状态,以此为文物保护环境控制的依据存在缺陷,基于此,本文提出了一个全新的概念——文物热安全度,它综合了温度、湿度、风速和辐射四个指标对文物温度的影响。结合北京市某博物馆的文物展厅,对其四项指标进行了三次测试实验,结果表明:环境温度与文物本身的温度的确存有差异。将文物热安全度应用于博物馆智能空调系统,可对文物保护环境进行高精度的控制,还可保证空调系统的低碳节能运行,具有较高的社会、经济效益,值得在博物馆设计中推广应用。     

对高速公路边坡生态防护质量的研究与探讨

文章首先对高速公路边坡生态防护中常见质量问题的探讨,指出植物生长基层滑塌、坡面冲蚀等常见质量问题,并对其补救措施进行简要分析,重点研究高速公路边坡生态防护施工工艺与质量控制,通过直接喷播植草绿化与CF网绿化两种防护方式从深入分析,以确保高速公路边坡生态防护质量。     

沪宁城际铁路下蜀黏土路堑边坡设计研究

在系统总结宁镇丘陵地区长江高阶地下蜀黏土的野外分布特征、物理力学性质的基础上,分析评价下蜀黏土具有弱膨胀性、水理性差等不良工程特性。以沪宁城际铁路路基工点设计为例,详细介绍下蜀黏土路堑边坡需根据工点工程地质和水文地质条件、边坡高度,结合当地气候特点,采用绿色植物防护和工程防护相结合的原则进行处理,以及重点地段采取特殊支挡防护的设计方案,提出下蜀黏土路堑边坡勘察设计需重点关注的问题。     

黄土地区路基施工要点分析

陕北地区分布有大量的黄土,黄土地区的路基施工有自身的特点。文章依托实际工程,从湿陷性地基处理、石灰土的改良及边坡防护等方面择要阐述了黄土地区路基施工要点。     

基于业务的SNCP在寿平铁路的应用

通信系统的建设遵循技术成熟、经济适用、同时满足发展需要的原则,网络结构满足运营维护管理体制的要求,传输系统必须具备较高的网络保护和恢复能力。基于寿平铁路通信传输系统组网及益羊线既有运营维护管理体制,本次工程通信传输系统组网旨在保证业务的高度可靠。通过参照子网连接保护(SNCP)已广泛用于传输系统的组网案例,其适用于各种网络拓扑结构,倒换速度快,可实时切换工作通道和保护通道。为此,选用基于业务的SNCP作为本线传输系统的网络保护方式,以双发选收的原则保证通信传输业务的高度可靠,并在优化网络结构的同时,一定程度上提高益羊线传输系统的通道利用率。     

减压环在被动柔性防护网中的耗能作用研究

基于落石防护措施受力系统的复杂性及不同系统参数研究的有效性角度考虑,数值方法正成为研究被动柔性防护网动态受力行为的重要手段。为研究被动柔性防护网中的减压环在落石冲击作用下的耗能及缓冲作用,以实际被动柔性防护网为原型,建立含减压环及不含减压环的两种被动柔性防护网有限元模型,基于ANSYS/LSDYNA分析两种防护网在不同冲击能量及冲击位置下的动力响应。研究结果表明:减压环可增强被动柔性防护网的柔性、改善作用部位的性能,同时能显著地提高被动柔性防护网的耗能能力。同时,数值结果的对比分析为下一步试验设计以校正有限元模型和研究实体构件受力特征提供了参考依据。     

集装箱全流通运输模式研究

从降低成本、节能减排的角度出发,探索一条高效率和高效益的集装箱全流通运输模式,通过举例说明此种运输模式的实际应用,提出了需要解决的问题及解决办法。