FPSO内孤立波载荷实验观测及理论预报模型研究

利用大型密度分层水槽开展了下凹型内孤立波作用在FPSO上的载荷特性系列实验;并依据实验工况,考虑KdV、eKdV和MCC内孤立波理论的适用性条件,数值研究了FPSO内孤立波载荷成分构成;基于实验结果和载荷成分构成,建立了FPSO内孤立波载荷的理论预报模型.研究表明:FPSO内孤立波水平载荷由粘性力和Froude-Krylov力组成,而垂向载荷主要为垂向Froude-Krylov力;Froude-Krylov力可通过动压力沿FPSO浮体湿表面积分得到,粘性力则通过经实验回归的摩擦系数Cf、形状修正因数K乘以内孤立波诱导水质点切向速度沿FPSO浮体湿表面积分得到.系列实验结果得出:摩擦系数Cf和形状修正因数K与雷诺数Re、KC数和流体层深度比h1/h有关;摩擦系数与Re呈自然对数关系;而形状修正因数K与KC数呈幂函数关系.理论预报模型预报的水平载荷、垂向载荷结果均与系列实验和数值结果吻合较好,并且发现随着内孤立波振幅的增加,载荷幅值近乎线性增加,而且上层流体深度对水平力幅值有明显的影响.     

北美铁路降低轮轨接触应力新进展

介绍了北美铁路在降低轮轨接触应力和轮轨作用力方面的研究成果.     

黏土中圆形低真空隧道管片结构内力分布及其影响因素

针对盾构隧道管片结构在不同环境下的受力性能,建立基于修正惯用法的力学模型,推导出圆形低真空隧道管片结构内力的解析解;以武汉黏土作为模拟地层,分别采用修正剑桥模型和弹簧模型,模拟分析圆形低真空隧道结构的内力分布;在获得解析解和2种数值解的基础上,对比分析特定工况下3种方法得到的隧道管片结构内力分布,探讨真空力、弯曲刚度有效率、地基抗力系数、侧向土压力系数这4个关键参数的影响规律。结果表明:对于黏土中的圆形低真空隧道,顶部与底部的管片结构正弯矩较大,腰部则是轴力与负弯矩较大;真空力对管片结构的弯矩几乎没有影响,但对轴力影响非常显著,且随真空力的增大而增大;管片结构弯矩随弯曲刚度有效率的增大而增大,随地基抗力系数和侧向土压力系数增大而减小;管片结构轴力随地基抗力系数的增大而增大,随弯曲刚度有效率增大而减小;在隧道腰部附近,轴力随侧向土压力系数的增大而减小,但隧道底部和顶部附近则与之相反。对比3种方法,解析解与数值解具有较好的一致性,但求解结果偏于保守。     

航母编队掩护幕内防空舰艇阵位仿真研究

通过研究一种航母编队掩护幕内防李舰艇的阵位确定方法,对航母编队防空区域划分与防空作战过程进行分析,总结航母编队掩护幕内防空舰艇阵位确定的原则,建立掩护幕内防空舰艇阵位的数学模型,仿真计算模型中各个参数对掩护幕内防空舰艇前出距离的影响,确定掩护幕内防空舰艇的前出距离和方位.     

Normal and shear forces in the contact patch of a braked racing tyre. Part 1: results from a finite-element model

In this first part of a two-part article, a previously described and validated finite-element model of a racing-car tyre is developed further to yield detailed information on carcass deflections and contact pressure and shear stress distributions for a steady rolling, slipping, and cambered tyre. Variations in running conditions simulated include loads of 1500, 3000 and 4500 N, camber angles of 0° and ?3°, and longitudinal slips from 0% to?20%. Special attention is paid to heavy braking, in which context the aligning moment is of great interest. Results generated are in broad agreement with limited experimental results from the literature and they provide considerable insight into how the tyre deforms and how the contact stresses are distributed as functions of the running conditions. Generally, each rib of the tyre behaves differently from the others, especially when the wheel is cambered. The results form a basis for the development of a simpler physical tyre model, the purpose of which is to retain accuracy over the full operating range while demanding much less computational resource. The physical tyre model is the topic of the second part of the article.     

Tangential force variation due to the bogie direction reversal procedure

A range of tangential forces is generated within the contact patch when a wheelset moves on the rail. These forces are intensified when incorporating curved tracks and motored axle rail vehicles [Arrus, P., de Pater, A.D. and Meyers, P., 2002, The stationary motion of a one-axle vehicle along a circular curve with real rail and wheel profiles. Vehicle System Dynamics, 37(1), 29–58]. The wheelset is subject to flange contact if an unbalanced force remains in a curve towards the high rail gauge face. The resultant force in the transverse direction includes the lateral force, the radial force, and the creep forces in addition to the effect of the frequent wheelset displacement due to the kinematic oscillation [Iwnicki, S., 2003, Simulation of wheel–rail contact forces. Fatigue Fracture Engineering Material Structure, 26, 887–900]. This article has focused on a potential variation in some of the forces cited when the wheelset is subject to backward and forward movements. A severe wear rate observed within the wheel flange region in Iranian Railways was investigated by operating a test bogie on a curvaceous track. An obvious improvement in the wear rate and wear pattern of the wheels was attained when the second test bogie encountered a bogie direction reversal procedure. This enhancement is considered in this article from the force analysis standpoint.     

地铁车站结构截面控制内力计算分析

目前，在地铁车站结构设计中，一般采用将荷载满布到结构模型进行内力分析，并未考虑不同活载布置对结构内力的影响，从而导致部分截面设计存在安全隐患。文章以成都地铁3号线一期工程红牌楼南站结构模型为例，运用MIDASGEN有限元分析软件对不同活载布置下结构的内力进行比较，得出地铁车站各截面控制内力所对应的活载布置，为地铁车站结构设计提供借鉴。     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

Numerical simulation of wave-induced nonlinear motions of a two-dimensional floating body by the moving particle semi-implicit method

The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method was applied to compute nonlinear motions of a floating body influenced by the water on deck. To compute the motions of a rigid body, the fluid pressure at the position of each particle on the body surface was directly integrated in space and the equations of translational and rotational motions were integrated in time to determine the correct position of the rigid-body surface at each time step of the time-domain calculation. The performance of this method was validated through a comparison with measured results in an experiment that was newly conducted using a model of a box-shaped floating body with a small freeboard. Although the overall agreement was good, some discrepancies were observed for a shorter wave period, especially for the drift motion in sway. The effect of numerical resolution on the results was checked by changing the number of particles. With a higher number of particles, no obvious improvement was seen in the global body motions, but the resolution of the local free-surface profile, including the water on deck, was improved.