Global force potential of over-actuated vehicles

This paper formulates force constraints of over-actuated road vehicles. In particular, focus is put on different vehicle configurations provided with electrical drivelines. It is demonstrated that a number of vehicles possesses non-convex tyre and actuator constraints, which have an impact on the way in which the actuators are to be used. By mapping the actuator forces to a space on a global level, the potential of the vehicle motion is investigated for the vehicles studied. It is concluded that vehicles with individual drive, compared with individual brakes only, have a great potential to yaw motion even under strong lateral acceleration.     

Shear forces in the contact patch of a braked-racing tyre

This article identifies tyre modelling features that are fundamental to the accurate simulation of the shear forces in the contact patch of a steady-rolling, slipping and cambered racing tyre. The features investigated include contact patch shape, contact pressure distribution, carcass flexibility, rolling radius (RR) variations and friction coefficient. Using a previously described physical tyre model of modular nature, validated for static conditions, the influence of each feature on the shear forces generated is examined under different running conditions, including normal loads of 1500, 3000 and 4500 N, camber angles of 0° and?3°, and longitudinal slip ratios from 0 to?20%. Special attention is paid to heavy braking, in which context the aligning moment is of great interest in terms of its connection with the limit-handling feel. The results of the simulations reveal that true representations of the contact patch shape, carcass flexibility and lateral RR variation are essential for an accurate prediction of the distribution and the magnitude of the shear forces generated at the tread–road interface of the cambered tyre. Independent of the camber angle, the contact pressure distribution primarily influences the shear force distribution and the slip characteristics around the peak longitudinal force. At low brake-slip ratios, the friction coefficient affects the shear forces in terms of their distribution, while, at medium to high-slip ratios, the force magnitude is significantly affected. On the one hand, these findings help in the creation of efficient yet accurate tyre models. On the other hand, the research results allow improved understanding of how individual tyre components affect the generation of shear forces in the contact patch of a rolling and slipping tyre.     

小半径曲线地段桥上无缝线路的设计研究

研究目的:解决小半径曲线地段桥上无缝线路设计的难题.研究结论:小半径曲线地段桥上无缝线路设计应重点从提高线路横向阻力、降低桥上无缝线路钢轨附加力、适当提高设计锁定轨温等几方面考虑.     

多指标优选方法在敌主攻方向判断中的应用

结合敌空袭的目标选择的特点,综合考虑我防空兵主攻方向判断的依据,分析得出影响我防空兵对敌主攻分析判断的依据,并建立了指标体系,依照该指标体系应用多指标优选方法建立数学模型来进行分析,并最终依照得出的数据实现对敌主攻方向的科学判断。     

基于多项式逼近的管道悬跨响应谱研究

该文详细介绍了采用线性化法和多项式逼近法求解非线性波浪力谱密度的过程。在此基础上推导出波流联合作用和忽略海流影响作用这两种条件下,管道悬跨结构的流向及垂向响应谱密度。最后,文中以某一海底管线为例,对比采用这两种方法得到的结果。     

Influence of the aerodynamic forces on the pantograph–catenary system for high-speed trains

Most of the high-speed trains in operation today have the electrical power supply delivered through the pantograph–catenary system. The understanding of the dynamics of this system is fundamental since it contributes to decrease the number of incidents related to these components, to reduce the maintenance and to improve interoperability. From the mechanical point of view, the most important feature of the pantograph–catenary system consists in the quality of the contact between the contact wire of the catenary and the contact strips of the pantograph. The catenary is represented by a finite element model, whereas the pantograph is described by a detailed multibody model, analysed through two independent codes in a co-simulation environment. A computational procedure ensuring the efficient communication between the multibody and finite element codes, through shared computer memory, and suitable contact force models were developed. The models presented here are contributions for the identification of the dynamic behaviour of the pantograph and of the interaction phenomena in the pantograph–catenary system of high-speed trains due to the action of aerodynamics forces. The wind forces are applied on the catenary by distributing them on the finite element mesh. Since the multibody formulation does not include explicitly the geometric information of the bodies, the wind field forces are applied to each body of the pantograph as time-dependent nonlinear external forces. These wind forces can be characterised either by using computational fluid dynamics or experimental testing in a wind tunnel. The proposed methodologies are demonstrated by the application to real operation scenarios for high-speed trains, with the purpose of defining service limitations based on train and wind speed combination.     

非圆弧滑面滑坡中满足平衡条件的预应力锚索设计拉力的确定方法

近20年来预应力锚索广泛用于加固滑坡或高边坡,但在以往的设计计算中,为简化起见,对非圆弧滑坡预应力锚索的设计一般采用指定设计外力而根据力的投影来确定锚索根数,并认为锚索作用力以集中荷载作用在滑面上。实际上,由于作用在地面的荷载经滑体传递后发生了很大的扩散作用,不满足力及力矩的平衡条件,其公式具有一定的缺陷,因而不尽合理,甚至由于锚设置不当造成其超载受荷而发生破坏,引起严重后果。本文根据其受力特点采用Morgenstern-Price法的基本假定从平衡条件出发,导出了确定锚索设计外力的迭代算法公式,对工程实际具有较大的理论意义。     

深水钻井的“人工海底”技术开发和中国南海预试验井的实施

介绍了中海油田服务股份有限公司在中国南海进行的预试井活动,讨论了将用于深水油山钻井作业的人工海底新技术.深水钻井市场在最近10年中处于不断扩张的过程,目前世界上用于深水和超深水钻采作业的钻井船和甲台数目不足.中国目前也需要更多的设备用于深水海洋的钻采作业.中海油田服务股份有限公司目前拥有的一些半潜式钻井平台可以在水深浅于475m的水深中进行作业.自从2004年以来,中海油田服务股份有限公司与挪威公司合作,进行人工海底技术的研究和改进,这种技术发展的目标是,利用较浅水作业的钻井平台,进行水深1 000～1 500 m的油气田的钻井作业.介绍了该种技术研究和改进的过程,相关装备的生产和更新.2008年6月,在中国南海的500m水域应用人工海底技术进行了预试验井的作业.2009年,中海油田服务股份有限公司将在中国南海的同一海域进行另一次更深入的实际钻井作业.     

防空兵群抗击空袭兵器的火力系统配置

文章立足于防空兵群掩护纵深内重要固定目标,以抗击巡航导弹和作战飞机为主的作战背景,对巡航导弹和飞机可能的来袭航路进行分析,采用定性定量相结合的方法,建立相应数学模型,研究了防空兵群火力系统抗击来袭兵器时距被掩护目标较合理的配置距离,为防空兵群指挥员实施高效指挥提供辅助决策。     

强侧风不同挡风墙下棚车气动性能

选用车型为棚车,采用SIMPLEC算法和QUICK精度格式的数值计算方法对强侧风下不同挡风墙类型、不同路堤和挡风墙高度组合棚车的气动性能进行研究.研究结果表明:在防风效果上,土堤式挡风墙最差,加筋对拉式挡风墙相对最优;挡风墙类型为加筋对拉式,当路堤高度一定时,随着挡风墙高度的增加,棚车的倾覆方向由顺风倾覆向逆风倾覆转变...