Dynamics of the railway track and the underlying soil: the boundary-element solution, theoretical results and their experimental verification

A combined finite-element boundary-element method is presented in detail to calculate the dynamic interaction of the railway track and the underlying soil. A number of results are shown for ballasted and slab track, demonstrating the influence of the stiffness of the soil and the rail pads on the vertical compliance of the track. The compliance of the track is combined with a simple model of the vehicle giving the transfer function of vehicle-track interaction. An experimental verification of the theoretical results is achieved by harmonic and impulse excitation with and without static (train-) load and by combined measurements of train-track-soil interaction. A clear vehicle-track resonance is found for the slab track with elastic rail pads and for higher frequencies at highspeed traffic, the dynamic axle loads due to sleeper passage are reduced.     

工程断裂构造及其公路隧道工程效应

为了解决活断层工程效应,通过对断裂构造工程效应和工程处理全过程的综合分析,理论解析了断裂构造工程效应研究的前沿课题,并结合隧道工程实践,剖析了公路隧道活断层效应应用基础研究的方案,提出了断层错动自然影响带划分、断层错动围岩稳定性空间定量评价和活断层隧道工程对策研究等需要解决的关键问题。     

填海区地铁盾构隧道下穿公路施工地层沉降规律的数值模拟

以深圳地铁2号线盾构隧道下穿填海区滨海大道公路为背景,利用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立三维有限元模型,研究在隧道施工扰动下,地表的横向沉降和纵向沉降、地层的水平位移和分层沉降的变形规律.仿真计算结果表明:在隧道横断面方向上地表沉降近似呈正态分布,在纵断面方向上地表沉降槽宽度约为15.0 m;距隧道开挖面越近,地层水平位移受车辆荷载和隧道开挖扰动越大;在车辆荷载作用区域,地表沉降和地层水平位移均大于非车辆荷载作用区域,地层的分层沉降和沉降槽宽度均随着地层埋深增加而减小,地层的上部沉降普遍大于下部;在非车辆荷载作用区域,隧道中心线上方的土体沉降随着地层埋深的增加而增加.     

基于LTE系统的轨道交通辅助定位方法

为保证城市轨道交通运营安全,针对车载控制器(VOBC)出现故障时,调度人员无法获悉列车位置的情况,利用列车接入单元(TAU)上传长期演进系统(LTE)的无线性能指标进行辅助定位。该系统平时进行车辆实际位置和无线性能指标的大数据拟合,在特殊情况时利用拟合曲线和无线性能指标进行辅助定位,为列车安全运行提供可靠的保障。     

真空—堆载联合预压法加固海相深厚软土地基的沉降变形分析

新建广珠铁路设计时速为120 km/h,沉降控制按Ⅰ级铁路标准。其中珠海西站工程采用真空—堆载联合预压的加固方式进行海相深厚软土地基处理,先导工程分4个试验区。本文根据先导工程试验区的地表沉降和分层沉降监测结果,对增压式真空—堆载联合预压与常规真空—堆载联合预压下的软土地基沉降变形进行了统计和相关分析,为该工程预压方案选取提供了科学依据。     

铁路沿线地表条件与风沙流场的互馈规律研究

为研究铁路沿线不同地表条件与挡沙墙周围风沙流场的互馈规律及挡沙墙挡风沙的功效,基于数值模拟及风洞实验,对不同地表粗糙度下的风沙流场进行数值分析,揭示地表粗糙度对流场表征量诸如风速、积沙形态的影响规律。结果表明:不同粗糙度下挡沙墙周围速度均形成减速区、涡流区与加速区,其中,加速区受粗糙度影响较大;粗糙度越大对近地表(1 m以下)速度削弱越大,但在1 m以上风速受其影响减弱;不同粗糙度下挡沙墙周围积沙分布不同,粗糙度越大,迎风侧积沙位移越长,风沙流饱和路径越小;随风速的增大,4类粗糙度下的积沙长度都表现为迎风侧减少,背风侧增多。     

A methodology for identifying similar days in air traffic flow management initiative planning

This article describes a methodology for selecting days that are comparable in terms of the conditions faced during air traffic flow management initiative planning. This methodology includes the use of specific data sources, specific features of calendar days defined using these data sources, and the application of a specific form of classification and then cluster analysis. The application of this methodology will produce results that enable historical analysis of the use of initiatives and evaluation of the relative success of different courses of action. Several challenges are overcome here including the need to identify the appropriate machine learning algorithms to apply, to quantify the differences between calendar days, to select features describing days, to obtain appropriate raw data, and to evaluate results in a meaningful way. These challenges are overcome via a review of relevant literature, the identification and trial of several useful models and data sets, and careful application of methods. For example, the cluster analysis that ultimately selects sets of similar days uses a distance metric based on variable importance measures from a separate classification model of observed initiatives. The methodology defined here is applied to the New York area, although it could be applied by other researchers to other areas.     

冻结法开挖水下隧道横通道初探

文章基于冻结法的基本理论,以某水下盾构隧道横通道工程为例,采用大型有限元软件,分析比较了直墙式和曲墙式冻结帷幕的力学性能,设计、验证了能形成曲墙式冻结帷幕的冻结管布置方式。     

利用试验关联技术建立试验场标准的研究

近年由于道路分布和道路条件的变化,车辆的输入载荷已经发生了巨大的变化,国内各试车场的试验规范不能适用于主机厂的所有车型。本文利用试验关联技术,将台架试验、用户使用和试车场试验结合起来,最终制定合理的试验场规范。     

深圳地铁富水软弱地层工程性质及开挖后沉降特征研究

为研究富水软弱地层工程性质及开挖后沉降特征,文章通过室内试验对深圳地铁国贸至老街区间隧道的地层物理力学参数进行了测定和分析,结果表明:(1)该区域地层存在较大孔隙和微裂隙且相互贯通,土体压缩性高,固结沉降大;(2)地层倾向于散粒体,含水量大且含砂多,施工排水易冲刷夹带松散颗粒而导致地层损失难于控制;(3)地层强度低,隧道开挖时围岩稳定性差。以上因素导致此类地层具有开挖影响范围广、地层沉降大并易发生地表塌陷的显著特征。实测地层沉降验证了试验结论的正确性,国贸至老街区间隧道开挖引起的地表沉降最大值约为193.5 mm,地表沉降槽宽度约为80 m,并发生了2次地表塌陷事故。可见,隧道开挖引起的地层沉降与地质条件密切相关,通过地层物理力学特性预测隧道开挖引起的地层沉降是必要的和可行的。