越野汽车AMT起步与换挡过程试验研究

根据越野汽车特点及行驶工况,建立了装备电控机械自动变速器的越野汽车起步与换挡控制系统数学模型,对其工作过程进行了分析。在空载与满载工况,按照不同油门和不同离合器结合速度进行了试验。为了满足平顺性,建立了以冲击度为约束条件的起步与换挡控制规律,并对试验结果进行了分析。试验结果表明,以动态三参数对换挡过程进行控制可改善起步及换挡品质,满足平顺性要求。     

汽车悬架减振器不解体测试方法的研究

通过建立系统的数学模型和相应的参数算法，将系统频响函数拟合技术应用到汽车减振器测试台的开发中。提出了一种悬架减振器不解体测试的新方法、主动激振测试台的结构以及合理评价减振器性能的指标。     

摩托车减震器摩擦力构成分析(1)

摩擦力在减震器制造与质量控制中是一种非常复杂难以控制的力,也是一种有害于乘骑舒适性的力,摩擦力构成的因素很多,因此,有关摩托车减震器摩擦力的量化指标介绍甚少,也少有介绍摩擦力如何理论计算、测试、控制等方面的文献。通过对QC/T 62—2007标准学习,结合实践经验,提出了摩擦力的计算、测试、控制方法。摩擦力大小代表减震器制造与装配工艺水平的高低,直接表现了乘骑舒适性和平顺性;同时,减震器行业一直不断提升设计能力,引入新材料,从机群普通单机工序分散加工,到数控加工中心工序集中生产,提高了自动化程度,也降低了摩擦力。     

On the performance of rheological shock absorber models in full vehicle simulation

A comparative study of the performance of three rheological automotive shock absorber models as well as of an extended force-velocity relation in full vehicle simulation is performed. Simulation results for both the shock absorber test rig and a full vehicle crossing a single obstacle are compared with measured data. While the gain of accuracy by the extended force-velocity relation is marginal, the rheological models in general yield a noticeable improvement, which, however, in full vehicle simulation is less significant than in test rig simulation. Among the rheological models studied here, the one consisting of a nonlinear spring-dashpot element with an element modelling friction by a continuous transition from the compression to the extension range in parallel and a quadratic approximation of the static gas force exhibits the best global performance.     

Estimation of the response of a deeply immersed cylinder to the shock wave generated by an underwater explosion

The work presented in this paper is focused on the development of a simplified method to study the structural response of a deeply immersed cylinder subjected to the primary shock wave generated by an underwater explosion. The proposed analytical model is based on the string-on-foundation method initially developed by Hoo Fatt and Wierzbicki, who converted the two dimensional boundary value problem of a cylindrical shell to an equivalent one-dimensional problem of a plastic string on a plastic foundation. This method has already been extended by the authors to study the shock wave response of an unstiffened cylinder immersed in shallow water. The present work focuses on deep-immersed cylinders subjected to both high hydrostatic pressure and explosion shock wave. The elastic deformation energy of the cylinder under hydrostatic pressure is first calculated and used to determine the initial conditions of the dynamic problem. Cylinder deflection and plastic deformation energy are then calculated for various immersion depths. When confronted to numerical results, the proposed model appears to underestimate the increase of deflection and absorbed energy with the immersion depth. A thorough analysis of the results post-processed from Ls-Dyna/USA finite element simulations highlights a new mechanism which is due to the action of hydrostatic pressure that continues to push inward the immersed cylinder. In order to improve the analytical model, a correction factor on the hydrostatic pressure is introduced but it is finally concluded that a new mechanism dedicated to the late action of the hydrostatic pressure still needs to be developed.     

Mixed manual/semi-automated traffic: a macroscopic analysis

The use of advanced technologies and intelligence in vehicles and infrastructure could make the current highway transportation system much more efficient. Semi-automated vehicles with the capability of automatically following a vehicle in front as long as it is in the same lane and in the vicinity of the forward looking ranging sensor are expected to be deployed in the near future. Their penetration into the current manual traffic will give rise to mixed manual/semi-automated traffic. In this paper, we analyze the fundamental flow–density curve for mixed traffic using flow–density curves for 100% manual and 100% semi-automated traffic. Assuming that semi-automated vehicles use a time headway smaller than today’s manual traffic average due to the use of sensors and actuators, we have shown using the flow–density diagram that the traffic flow rate will increase in mixed traffic. We have also shown that the flow–density curve for mixed traffic is restricted between the flow–density curves for 100% manual and 100% semi-automated traffic. We have presented in a graphical way that the presence of semi-automated vehicles in mixed traffic propagates a shock wave faster than in manual traffic. We have demonstrated that the presence of semi-automated vehicles does not change the total travel time of vehicles in mixed traffic. Though we observed that with 50% semi-automated vehicles a vehicle travels 10.6% more distance than a vehicle in manual traffic for the same time horizon and starting at approximately the same position, this increase is marginal and is within the modeling error. Lastly, we have shown that when shock waves on the highway produce stop-and-go traffic, the average delay experienced by vehicles at standstill is lower in mixed traffic than in manual traffic, while the average number of vehicles at standstill remains unchanged.     

Influence of shock absorber wearing on vehicle brake performance

In order to safely maintain a vehicle, it is necessary to verify the most important systems that affect safety during Periodic Motor Vehicle Inspections (PMVIs). In a previous paper, a test method and validation criteria were suggested by the authors to verify shock absorber status during PMVIs, as they are a fundamental component that may wear out during a vehicle’s life. In this paper, variations of the performance of the vehicle’s brakes resulting from shock absorber wearing have been analyzed, in order to confirm whether the suggested criteria is valid for taking into account longitudinal forces and pitch movement on the vehicle. A simulation-based study was conducted with several configurations of a worn damper on a vehicle driving on two virtual roads: smooth and undulating. The results confirmed that the damping coefficient established as an acceptable value to verify the shock absorber status in PMVIs is also valid considering the forces involved in a braking maneuver.     

“强基薄面”理念在公路工程建设中的应用

"强基薄面"理念是公路建设的一项新技术,是对路面结构建设的革新,其特点是通过冲击压实增强路基强度,提高路基结构稳定性,从而使路面结构层厚度减薄。水泥乳化沥青碎石结构层的引入实现由半刚性到半柔性再到柔性的良好过渡。减少半刚性基层裂缝反射到路面面层,加强了基层的路用性能。橡胶沥青碎石应力吸收层可以进一步阻止反射裂缝延长公路使用寿命,利用橡胶沥青混凝土铺筑的路面抗车辙、抵抗反射裂缝的能力更强,减少养护周期及养护费用,更节约环保。     

船舶推进轴系冲击响应

采用有限元与数值仿真相结合的方法 ,建立推进轴系垂向冲击响应计算的数学模型 ,导出了在加速度冲击输入条件下轴系垂向冲击响应数值仿真方法 ,并通过一个工程计算实例阐述了该方法的适用性。     

绞车轴瓦应力对附加载荷的响应机理分析

自升式风电安装船是海洋风电安装工程中的重要装备,摩擦绞车升降装置与桩腿、船体构成了自升安装船独立的升降系统。在升降装置的作用下,绞车提供牵引力完成放桩、升船等动作。海上作业过程中环境载荷的不确定性会使作业过程绞车升降系统受附加工作载荷,从而导致工作绞车容易发生故障,给作业系统的安全、稳定运行带来巨大的隐患。本课题从海洋38#风电安装船的外部作用环境和实船绞车轴瓦的失效情况出发,基于支撑桩腿、船体与海洋环境间的相互作用机理,分别分析了绞车轴瓦应力对冲击和振动的响应关系,并采用柔性体有限元仿真和刚体动力学仿真分析的方法,分析了绞车作业过程中的附加工作载荷。同时根据分析结果绘制了响应关系坐标图,进一步研究了工作过程中绞车附加载荷与绞车滚筒支撑轴瓦失效的机理关系。