船舶烧伤病房气流组织分析与优化

针对舰船舱室气流组织的形式特点,以烧伤病房作为研究对象建立数学模型,通过使用Airpak软件对烧伤病房不同设计方案下的气流组织进行了计算仿真,通过舱室温湿度,空气流速,热舒适指标等参数的对比,获得舱室的压力、温度、速度、热舒适性指标等的分布特性,对烧伤病房气流组织进行了分析并提出了优化方法,可以有效提高人员的舒适性和气流组织效果。     

卸船作业模式下自动化码头AGV路径仿真优化

AGV作为自动化码头水平运输的设备,主要负责运输集装箱。受岸桥和场桥装卸能力、水平运输距离和集装箱作业量增加等因素影响,水平运输环节是制约自动化码头发展的瓶颈。结合港口码头作业实际,采用"模型+实例+仿真"的方法对自动化码头AGV路径优化问题进行研究。结合道路交通流理论,提出交通虚拟环岛策略以避免多AGV在码头行驶时产生冲突和拥堵。在卸船作业流程下,采用e M-Plant仿真软件,对提出的交通控制策略从不同角度进行仿真模拟。结果表明,AGV不同路径的选择影响着码头的作业效率。试验结果进一步提高码头作业效率,为自动化码头AGV路径优化提供参考依据。     

Large-scale evacuation network optimization: a bi-level control method with uncertain arterial demand

To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods.     

Optimization of terminal airspace operation with environmental considerations

The rapid growth in air traffic has resulted in increased emission and noise levels in terminal areas, which brings negative environmental impact to surrounding areas. This study aims to optimize terminal area operations by taking into account environmental constraints pertaining to emission and noise. A multi-objective terminal area resource allocation problem is formulated by employing the arrival fix allocation (AFA) problem, while minimizing aircraft holding time, emission, and noise. The NSGA-II algorithm is employed to find the optimal assignment of terminal fixes with given demand input and environmental considerations, by incorporating the continuous descent approach (CDA). A case study of the Shanghai terminal area yields the following results: (1) Compared with existing arrival fix locations and the first-come-first-serve (FCFS) strategy, the AFA reduces emissions by 19.6%, and the areas impacted by noise by 16.4%. AFA and CDA combined reduce the emissions by 28% and noise by 38.1%; (2) Flight delays caused by the imbalance of demand and supply can be reduced by 72% (AFA) and 81% (AFA and CDA) respectively, compared with the FCFS strategy. The study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed optimization framework to reduce the environmental impact in terminal areas while improving the operational efficiency, as well as its potential to underpin sustainable air traffic management.     

中压直流综合电力系统燃油经济性调度策略

由于研究对象、运行要求和调控手段存在差异,陆用电力系统和传统船用电力系统的燃油经济性策略无法直接应用到中压直流综合电力系统中。针对中压直流综合电力系统的能量优化调控需求,建立综合电力系统燃油经济性调度模型,提出基于分层优化方法的系统燃油经济性调度优化算法,实现对整流发电机组出力的优化。同时,提出适用于中压直流综合电力系统燃油经济性优化调度的方法,实现对发电机出力的优化调度,并通过仿真试验验证该方法的有效性。     

组合型水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(CFG桩)复合地基在深厚软基处理中的应用

在深厚软土地基(fak≤100 kPa)上建造储罐等建筑物,承载力要求高、不均匀沉降变形要求严,若采用单一CFG桩复合地基加固,可能导致桩距过小或桩长太长,需要采用组合型复合地基,CFG桩+振冲碎石桩复合地基是组合型复合地基的一种。根据CFG桩+碎石桩组合型复合地基的加固机理,分析了其受力特性以及CFG桩和碎石桩的作用,研究表明CFG桩对提高地基承载力和减小沉降起控制作用。基于优化理论,建立了组合复合地基的优化设计方法。通过工程实例讨论了组合复合地基的优化设计方法,结果表明:复合地基的承载力、沉降量和经济效益均满足工程要求。     

Methods to reduce dimensionality and identify candidate solutions in multi-objective signal timing problems

Adjusting traffic signal timings is a practical way for agencies to manage urban traffic without the need for significant infrastructure investments. Signal timings are generally selected to minimize the total control delay vehicles experience at an intersection, particularly when the intersection is isolated or undersaturated. However, in practice, there are many other potential objectives that might be considered in signal timing design, including: total passenger delay, pedestrian delays, delay inequity among competing movements, total number of stopping maneuvers, among others. These objectives do not tend to share the same relationships with signal timing plans and some of these objectives may be in direct conflict. The research proposes the use of a new multi-objective optimization (MOO) visualization technique—the mosaic plot—to easily quantify and identify significant tradeoffs between competing objectives using the set of Pareto optimal solutions that are normally provided by MOO algorithms. Using this tool, methods are also proposed to identify and remove potentially redundant or unnecessary objectives that do not have any significant tradeoffs with others in an effort to reduce problem dimensionality. Since MOO procedures will still be needed if more than one objective remains and MOO algorithms generally provide a set of candidate solutions instead of a single final solution, two methods are proposed to rank the set of Pareto optimal solutions based on how well they balance between the competing objectives to provide a final recommendation. These methods rely on converting the objectives to dimensionless values based on the optimal value for each specific objectives, which allows for direct comparison between and weighting of each. The proposed methods are demonstrated using a simple numerical example of an undersaturated intersection where all objectives can be analytically obtained. However, they can be readily applied to other signal timing problems where objectives can be obtained using simulation outputs to help identify the signal timing plan that provides the most reasonable tradeoff between competing objectives.     

基于PSO-BP神经网络的油船中部结构优化

以舱段质量为目标函数,以相关规范要求的板厚及应力为约束条件,通过灵敏度分析确定设计变量,对油船中部结构优化。构建基于粒子群优化的BP神经网络模型,并代替有限元分析确定应力与设计变量之间关系,从而对舱段进行结构优化。优化后舱段质量降低了4.2%,优化后的有限元分析结果表明满足规范要求,PSOBP神经网络模型在船舶结构优化设计中具有可行性。