An experimental study of wave-in-deck loading and its dependence on the properties of the topside structure

This paper concerns the largest and arguably the most threatening wave loading component experienced by a broad range of offshore structures. It arises when an incident wave crest exceeds the elevation of the underside of the deck structure, leading to direct wave-in-deck (WID) loading. The extent of this loading may be limited to the partial submergence of some of the lowermost deck beams, or could involve the large-scale inundation of the entire deck area. Either way, very large loads can arise which must be taken into account when assessing the reliability of the structure. In an earlier contribution Ma and Swan (2020) provided an extensive laboratory study exploring the variation of these loads with the properties of the incident wave. The present paper describes a second stage of this experimental study in which the variation of the WID loads with the properties of the topside structure is addressed. Specifically, it considers the porosity, position and orientation of the topside relative to the incident wave conditions, and seeks to explore both the variations in the maximum load and the loading time–history resulting from these changes.Given the highly transitory nature of a WID loading event, coupled with the fact that the problem is governed by flow conditions at, or very close to, the instantaneous water surface, the loading process is driven by an exchange of momentum from the wave crest to the topside structure. A recently developed WID load model, based on exactly these arguments (Ma and Swan 2020), is used alongside the laboratory data to provide a break-down of the load into its component parts. This provides an enhanced physical understanding of the resulting load time–history. The first part of the study is based upon an idealised generic topside structure, allowing a systematic variation in key parameters, particularly porosity. The second part addresses a realistic topside structure demonstrating the practical relevance of earlier work. Taken together, the analysis clearly establishes the importance of the topside porosity, clarifies the spatial effects associated with the evolution of a large ocean wave beneath the plan area of a structure and explains the unexpected occurrence of impact-type loading on topside structures having a high porosity. Most importantly, the paper highlights those properties of a topside structure which must be incorporated if the WID loads are to be accurately predicted.     

新型穿流式搅拌桨在湿法磷酸反应器中的应用

介绍了湿法磷酸的生产工艺和反应设备,提出了一种适于到反应器的新型搅拌浆,从反应机理对该浆在磷酸反应器中的操作性能进行了分析,认为应用穿流式浆将强化涡流扩散,提高液体湍动程度,从而可能达到提高反应强度、提高磷的分解率、加收率并且降低能耕,得到较好的磷石膏晶体,在工厂进行的实际试验也证实了一结果。     

流-固耦合坝体渗透率的演变机理

假设坝体岩土为双孔隙度介质，分析了坝体在流体孔隙压力变化和地应力的耦合作用下力学性能的变化和渗透性的演变规律。通过研究流体在岩土层内流动的规律、岩体变形以及力学强度的变化情况，为坝体稳定性与安全性提供参考。建立了基于流体运动、岩体骨架变形以及渗透率变化的数学模型，并根据模型分析地压与渗透率（孔隙度） 变化的规律,为解决工程中的坝体稳定性问题提供理论参考。     

铝合金激光焊气孔数值模拟

采用透明玻璃观察激光焊过程的匙孔行为。基于菲涅耳吸收和多重反射方法,引入气泡模型,建立三维数值模型,研究铝合金激光焊中匙孔行为和匙孔型气孔的形成机理。结果表明:匙孔的形成与坍塌机理在数值模拟与试验中是相似的;匙孔前壁处的熔融金属沿前沿方向向下流动,而在匙孔后壁的熔池形成顺时针涡流;匙孔坍塌的主要步骤是匙孔后壁处形成凸起,匙孔后壁上的凸起继续向匙孔前壁处流动并与匙孔前壁接触形成液桥;气孔形成的主要因素是匙孔坍塌形成气泡和气泡被凝固界面捕获。