Combustion development of a Bi-Fuel engine

Environmental improvement and energy issues are increasingly becoming more important as worldwide concerns. Natural gas is a good alternative fuel that can help to improve these issues because of its large quantity and clean burning characteristics. This paper provides the experimental performance results of a Bi-Fuel engine that uses Compressed Natural Gas as its Primary fuel and gasoline as its secondary fuel. This engine is a modification of the basic 1.4-liter gasoline engine. Generally, on the unmodified base engine, torque and power for CNG fuel are considerably lower than gasoline fuel. In this paper, the influence of fuels on wall temperature, performance and emissions are investigated.     

The Alternative Motor Fuels Act, alternative-fuel vehicles, and greenhouse gas emissions

The corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standard is the major policy tool to improve the fleet average miles per gallon of automobile manufacturers in the US. The Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) provides special treatment in calculating the fuel economy of alternative-fuel vehicles to give manufacturers CAFE incentives to produce more alternative-fuel vehicles. AMFA has as its goals an increase in the production of alternative-fuel vehicles and a decrease in gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines theoretically the effects of the program set up under AMFA. It finds that, under some conditions, this program may actually increase the production of fuel-inefficient gasoline vehicles, gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.     

Non-local simulation of the stable boundary layer with a third order moments closure model

A new higher order closure model for the stable boundary layer is presented and compared with Large Eddy Simulation data. The model includes numerical solutions for the mean values, second and third order moments equations. A satisfactory agreement is found between the calculated vertical profiles of the turbulent quantities with those provided by the LES. Furthermore the new model results are compared with profiles obtained with a lower order closure model in order to verify the effective importance of including third order dynamical equations in the model.     

Behavioral adjustments and equity effects of congestion pricing: Analysis of morning commutes during the Stockholm Trial

This paper assesses the horizontal and vertical equity effects of the Stockholm Trial with Congestion Pricing for morning commuters, in terms of both travel behavioral adjustments and welfare effects, as a result of the toll’s direct effects and the behavioral adjustments. We consider specifically two behavioral adjustments: mode choice and departure time choice. Initial car drivers crossing the toll cordon had a 15 percentage-points higher rate of switching to public transit as compared with those not crossing the cordon. We also find some evidence of peak spreading, in particular toward a later departure time, as a result of the charging scheme, but most people choose a departure time within 15 min both before and during the trial. In the welfare analysis, we found no clear pattern of increasing burden by either increasing income or decreasing income, and the increase in the Gini Coefficient was insignificant. We also found no significant difference in either the mode-switching behavior or the average welfare effect for women versus for men.     

浅谈冲击压实技术断裂稳固旧水泥路面

针对目前我国大量旧混凝土路面的修复或改建工程，结合多年的实践经验，介绍了，中击压实技术的有关理论根据、施工工艺、质量控制及工程实例。     

New approach for performing failure analysis of fuel cell-powered vehicles

Safety of hybrid-electric and fuel cell vehicles is a critical aspect of these new technologies, since any accident exposing occupants of such vehicles to unconventional hazards may result in significant setbacks to successful market penetration. Fuel cell and hybrid-electric drive systems are complex, and it is essential to perform a thorough analysis to determine critical failure conditions. There are several safety concerns for routine operation of such systems, particularly for hydrogen-fueled vehicles. A modified Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) has been developed, along with a Criticality Analysis (CrA), to identify potentially hazardous conditions for crash and non-crash situations. A mathematical model of fuel cell operation has been developed and used here in conjunction with the FMEA. Component failures during the event modes are simulated using vehicle models developed with Matlab Simulink tools. Six simulation models were created using the software. In addition, a preliminary finite element model of a fuel cell vehicle, using a Ford Taurus (91′) model year sedan, has been developed and implemented. This finite element model is used as a demonstration of the crash simulation of the vehicle.     

Real-time queue length estimation for congested signalized intersections

How to estimate queue length in real-time at signalized intersection is a long-standing problem. The problem gets even more difficult when signal links are congested. The traditional input–output approach for queue length estimation can only handle queues that are shorter than the distance between vehicle detector and intersection stop line, because cumulative vehicle count for arrival traffic is not available once the detector is occupied by the queue. In this paper, instead of counting arrival traffic flow in the current signal cycle, we solve the problem of measuring intersection queue length by exploiting the queue discharge process in the immediate past cycle. Using high-resolution “event-based” traffic signal data, and applying Lighthill–Whitham–Richards (LWR) shockwave theory, we are able to identify traffic state changes that distinguish queue discharge flow from upstream arrival traffic. Therefore, our approach can estimate time-dependent queue length even when the signal links are congested with long queues. Variations of the queue length estimation model are also presented when “event-based” data is not available. Our models are evaluated by comparing the estimated maximum queue length with the ground truth data observed from the field. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed models can estimate long queues with satisfactory accuracy. Limitations of the proposed model are also discussed in the paper.     

道路基础设施数字化研究进展与展望

为进一步促进交通基础设施向数字化、网络化、智能化发展，采用文献研究法对道路基础设施数字化领域的研究进展和发展趋势进行分析。首先通过检索中国知网（CNKI）中文核心合集数据库和Web of Science^TM、IEEE等英文数据库中与主题相关的文献（中文229篇，英文2 395篇），基于科学知识图谱对文献进行梳理与分析，并结合现有研究中的技术领域与工程应用场景，对道路基础设施数字化做出了定义。在此基础上进一步构建了道路基础设施数字化的技术架构，包括：感知获取层、集成处理层、业务应用层、标准与规范体系以及安全与管控体系；此外重点介绍了数字道路信息感知技术、数据管理与分析技术、全生命周期工程应用等关键技术的发展现状，进一步展望了未来技术发展的前景。最终通过梳理道路基础设施数字化现有研究存在的问题和不足，对其今后的发展做出展望。结果表明：道路基础设施数字化是由特定的检测与感知技术、数据传输与通讯网络、信息平台与安全系统构成，具有多元智能性。在路面信息的采集过程中，传感器在耐久性和实用性等方面存在的技术难题仍需进一步解决；物联网、地理信息系统、建筑信息模型、信息物理系统、数字孪生、大数据驱动在内的多种技术手段在道路基础设施性能监测和管理过程中具有广阔的应用前景。     

大跨度箱拱单基肋吊装合龙强度和稳定分析

以主跨130m的海螺沟大桥为对象，应用有限元软件对设置侧向缆风索的箱拱单基肋吊装合龙强度和稳定性进行计算分析，为大跨径箱拱单基肋吊装合龙技术的应用进行理论探索和实践。