基于PSO算法的地铁智能调线调坡系统开发与研究

为解决人工调线调坡费时费力、效率低下，且无有效评价指标评判方案优劣的现状问题，从分析线路平纵断面设计变量入手，依据规范相关规定制定约束条件，创新性地建立带有侵限容忍值惩罚项和合规性惩罚项的目标函数，提出一套基于粒子群优化算法，适用于矩形、马蹄形、圆形等多种隧道断面类型的地铁调线调坡数学分析模型，并以此开发地铁智能调线调坡系统。以长沙地铁4号线某区间右线隧道为例，对比人工设计和智能系统的调线调坡结果。由对比结果可知，智能系统在线路参数选择的合理性和改善侵限情况等方面均明显优于人工调线调坡，且具有可靠性和高效性。     

一种“效率-公平-运力”多维权衡的需求可拆分配送方法

针对自然灾害及重大社会公共事件等各类突发事件的配送问题，本文以公路运输为研究场景，将配送时间最短、加权时间攀比值最小和使用车辆数最少为多维目标，在引入需求可拆分这一限制条件的基础上，构建“效率-公平-运力”多维权衡的需求可拆分应急物资配送模型。针对该问题设计改进的蚁群算法求解模型。从选择拆分点、信息素更新和引入变邻域搜索算子这3个方面改进了算法，并实现当解持续不变时，初始化信息素，以增加随机性。结果表明，与传统求解算法相比，改进算法的稳定性更高(平均偏差率降低7.00%)，寻优性更好(优化率提高7.41%)。 通过分析考虑三目标、双目标和决策者具有明显偏好的多重场景下的求解结果得知：效率、公平、 运力这3个子目标相互悖反，增加运力投入可以显著提高配送方案的效率与公平；当运力不变时，效率与公平之间近似呈同比例反比关系。研究结论可为救灾目标不确定条件下多因素考量的应急物资配送决策生成与优化问题提供方法改进与可量化决策支撑。     

基于FPGA的里程轮信号优选算法设计

文中通过对里程信号产生机理进行分析,提出了一种基于FPGA架构的里程优选算法,给出了实现算法的硬件架构图,并设计相应硬件电路和模拟实验。结果表明:该算法可以对3个里程轮脉冲信号进行优选采集,当里程轮处于超速或者停转状态时也能输出正确的脉冲信号。     

技术站间货物列车协同配流方案研究

技术站间货物列车协同作业组织模式，可实现各站获益，整体加强，对提升铁路运输生产效率具有重要意义.本文建立技术站间货物列车协同配流模型.模型以最大化两技术站的正点出发列车数作为目标函数，采用启发式遗传算法进行寻优，得到货物列车解编顺序和配流方案.最后，通过对算例进行实验分析，验证协同配流模型的实用性.结果表明，技术站间协同配流作业明显压缩车辆在站总停留时间，增加了阶段计划内正点出发列车数，进而提高了技术站内线路使用能力.     

基于联合调度优化模型的共享汽车分析

共享汽车行业曾在几年前广为繁荣,但由于其所具有的重模式、高成本、难以盈利等弊端,造成企业难以持续融资,行业难以持续繁荣的困境。如今,随着汽车车型更新换代日益迅速,加之疫情影响经济发展,消费者更倾向于轻便的用车模式,使得具有“分时租赁”特点的共享汽车获得很大发展机遇。本文综合利用Excel、Python软件,先以经纬度为横纵目标对附件数据进行离群值剔除与可视化展示,并将其在空间上划分成25个区域,从而更准确地研究其空间特征;其次,使用Matlab软件构建DBSCAN聚类算法模型,将不同区域共享汽车的实际密度情况以热力图形式在地图上可视展现,得出共享汽车分布主要集中在经度34.78377、纬度32.0556等区域附近,这些区域大多集中位于城市中心,人口密度相对高,共享汽车使用频率高的结论,同时编程得出不同型号车辆在整体区域信息的出现频率次数表,进行不同维度变化分析,得到共享汽车使用集中在早午晚高峰期,该时间段内人流量大,用车需求量高,汽车使用频率高的结论。     

考虑对地航速和航向的船舶典型轨迹提取方法

基于船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System, AIS)数据的船舶典型轨迹挖掘需要经过两个重要步骤，一是压缩 AIS 数据，二是聚类压缩后的 AIS 数据。传统的DP(DouglasPeucker)压缩算法，只考虑船舶轨迹的压缩形状，忽视了船舶航行中其他重要信息。为解决此问题，把对地航速和航向加入到DP算法的压缩过程中。在AIS轨迹聚类方面，传统谱聚类方法只对船舶轨迹的位置进行相似性度量，没有考虑船舶轨迹的其他维度，针对此问题，提出多属性轨迹相似性度量方法。由于不同的输入参数影响着最终的聚类质量，引入Calinski-Harabasz指标评价谱聚类算法，实现聚类参数的自适应选择。利用山东威海水域的实际AIS数据进行实例研究，并与传统谱聚类算法做比较实验。实验结果表明，利用该方法提取到的典型轨迹符合真实水域的交通情况，相较于传统谱聚类方法具有更高的聚类质量。     

基于BP网络的球鼻首参数化优化

本文以某集装箱船为研究对象,对降速航行后的球鼻首进行优化。采用Catia建立船体三维模型,为了产生不同形状的球鼻首,选取球鼻特征参数来描述其基本结构;采用拉丁超立方试验抽样方法得到12组不同形状的球鼻首,提出运用非线性拟合能力较强的BP网络构建球鼻首参数和阻力系数之间的关系模型;采用遗传算法对训练后的网络进行极值寻优。结果显示,优化船型的阻力系数显著降低,说明该方法对球鼻首的优化有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于K-Means聚类算法的城市轨道交通站点分类及客流特征分析

文章立足于沈阳市轨道交通站点800 m范围内的人口分布、开发强度、公交接驳、路网长度分布、站点位置属性、站点客流数据等六大维度数据,采用K-Means聚类算法将城市轨道交通站点划分为居住型、商业商务型、综合开发型、产业型、交通枢纽型五大类;基于站点聚类成果,叠合多样化数据分析总结各类站点客流的普适性规律,可为后续站点周边基础设施完善、站点客流预测、车站运营组织方案做出指导。     

Strain prediction for critical positions of FPSO under different loading of stored oil using GAIFOA-BP neural network

FPSO (floating, production, storage and offloading) units are widely used in the offshore oil and gas industry. Generally, FPSOs have excellent oil storage capacity owing to their huge oil cargo holds. The volume and distribution of stored oil in the cargo holds influence the strain level of hull girder, especially at critical positions of FPSO. However, strain prediction using structural analysis tools is computationally expensive and time consuming. In this study, a prediction tool based on back-propagation (BP) neural network called GAIFOA-BP is proposed to predict the strain values of concerned positions of an FPSO model under different oil storage conditions. The GAIFOA-BP combines BP model and GAIFOA which is a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA). Results from three benchmark tests show that the GAIFOA-BP model has a remarkable performance. Subsequently, a total of 81 sets of training data and 25 sets of testing data are obtained from experiment using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors installed on the surface of an FPSO model. The numerical results show that the GAIFOA-BP is capable of predicting the strain values with higher accuracy as compared with other BP models. Finally, the reserved GAIFOA-BP model is utilized to predict the strain values under the inputs of a 10-day time series of volume and distribution of stored oil. The predicted strain results are further used to calculate the fatigue consumption of measurement points.     

Electric vehicle charging station locations: Elastic demand,station congestion,and network equilibrium

Battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs) generally offer better air quality through lowered emissions, along with energy savings and security. The issue of long-duration battery charging makes charging-station placement and design key for BEV adoption rates. This work uses genetic algorithms to identify profit-maximizing station placement and design details, with applications that reflect the costs of installing, operating, and maintaining service equipment, including land acquisition. Fast electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) are placed across a congested city's network subject to stochastic demand for charging under a user-equilibrium traffic assignment. BEV users’ station choices consider endogenously determined travel times and on-site charging queues. The model allows for congested-travel and congested-station feedback into travelers’ route choices under elastic demand and BEV owners’ station choices, as well as charging price elasticity for BEV charging users.Boston-network results suggest that EVCSs should locate mostly along major highways, which may be a common finding for other metro settings. If 10% of current EV owners seek to charge en route, a user fee of $6 for a 30-min charging session is not enough for station profitability under a 5-year time horizon in this region. However, $10 per BEV charging delivers a 5-year profit of $0.82 million, and 11 cords across 3 stations are enough to accommodate a near-term charging demand in this Boston-area application. Shorter charging sessions, higher fees, and/or allowing for more cords per site also increase profits generally, everything else constant. Power-grid and station upgrades should keep pace with demand, to maximize profits over time, and avoid on-site congestion.