Flexible riser-bend stiffener top connection analytical model with I-tube

The flexible riser top connection to the floating unit is a critical region considering extreme loading and fatigue lifetime assessment and is generally protected by a bend stiffener to limit the curvature in this region. The top connection usually interface the floating unit with two main configurations: i) end-fitting and bend stiffener directly connected to a riser balcony or ii) riser connected to the floating unit in the end of an I-tube, which reduces the end-fitting bending loading, and bend stiffener assembled to a bellmouth with a given inclination in relation to the I-tube longitudinal axis. The traditional modeling approach considers the riser/bend stiffener system attached to the floating unit, representative of the first configuration. A more realistic modeling approach, capturing the complex interactions of flexible riser/bend stiffener with I-tube interface can be employed for preliminary assessment with less conservatism. In this work, a large deflection analytical beam model is developed for the riser top connection with I-tube considering the bellmouth transition region with a straight rigid surface followed by a curved section. The riser follows a nonlinear bending behavior described by a bilinear moment vs curvature function and the bend stiffener polyurethane material exhibits nonlinear elastic symmetric response represented by a power law function. It is assumed that there is no gap between the riser and the bend stiffener and the riser is fixed in the end-fitting position. The mathematical formulation of the statically indeterminate system results in three systems of coupled differential equations combined with the corresponding multipoint boundary conditions to be numerically solved by an iterative procedure. A case study is carried out with a 7” flexible riser protected by a bend stiffener connected to an inclined I-tube bellmouth. The system is subjected to extreme loading conditions and the influence of the sleeve shape and I-tube length on the riser curvature distribution, including the end-fitting position, and contact forces between the riser/sleeve and riser/bend stiffener sections are assessed.     

Fatigue behaviour and life prediction of filament wound CFRP pipes based on coupon tests

This paper investigates the fatigue behaviour of filament wound Toray T700/Epotech X4201 composite pipes with different lay-ups. The present work compares the fatigue behaviour of coupon specimens manufactured with two different fiber orientations under tension-tension and tension-compression cyclic actions. The test results show that the lay-up and stress ratio have significant effect on the failure mechanism and fatigue life of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite coupons. This paper develops an empirical model, which integrates the effect of stress ratio in a fatigue damage parameter, to evaluate the fatigue life of the CFRP filament wound coupons. Combined with the numerically calculated stresses at the critical locations corresponding to the fatigue damage locations, the proposed empirical model developed from the coupon test database predicts successfully the fatigue life of full diameter CFRP pipes, using stresses computed at critical locations in the CFRP pipe.     

基于能量法的跟管钻进最大深度计算及应用

为解决潜孔锤跟管钻进最大深度难以确定的问题，基于能量法分析冲击功与应变能的转换情况，提出跟管钻进最大深度的假设条件和理论计算方法，并结合现有相关技术规范，通过类比法对跟管钻进的地层侧阻力取值进行完善和补充，然后应用相关实例分析和验证。通过研究和验证取得成果如下： 1）采用材料力学能量法理论，提出较系统、全面的跟管钻进最大深度计算方法； 2）给出单一地层最大深度的计算公式和多个地层的计算步骤； 3）提出套管与地层间动摩阻的取值依据和方法； 4）提出中和点概念，得出双冲击器作用下套管柱受到的应变能作用原理； 5）增大冲击功和增加套管壁厚均有利于提高跟管的最大深度，但影响幅度较小。     

Bend stiffener linear viscoelastic thermo-mechanical analysis. Part I — Experimental characterization and mathematical formulation

Bend stiffeners are subjected to cyclic loading during offshore operation or when subjected to a controlled full-scale qualification test. Due to the viscoelastic nature of the polyurethane, energy is dissipated within the material volume and the structure may experience a temperature increase, a phenomenon known as self-heating. The top connection is a flexible riser critical region in terms of fatigue, being the bend stiffener the main responsible for curvature control. As the curvature distribution is highly affected by the nonlinear time–temperature bend stiffener response, a detailed thermo-mechanical assessment may become relevant for riser lifetime and polyurethane material failure assessment, specially during accelerated full-scale tests. In the present paper (Part I), the polyurethane experimental characterization and steady-state thermo-mechanical mathematical formulation are presented for the bend stiffener self-heating assessment. A steady-state formulation is derived for a temperature dependent linear viscoelastic large deflection beam model to estimate the heat generation during harmonic tip loading. The temperature field distribution is calculated through a three-dimensional steady-state thermal model considering the viscoelastic heat calculated from the mechanical model with an iterative scheme. Stress relaxation tests are performed at different temperatures to determine the viscoelastic properties followed by thermal properties characterization through differential scanning calorimetry and by the Flash method to determine the specific heat, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, respectively. In a companion paper (Part II) the iterative numerical scheme is detailed and a case study presented.     

缓波型非粘接柔性立管的干涉敏感性

针对非粘接柔性立管在波浪和海流作用下易发生立管干涉的问题,以我国南海某油田输油立管和相邻锚链为例,分别对拖曳力系数、管道单位长度质量、外径、内部介质密度、立管抗拉弯扭刚度和悬挂角度等参数进行敏感性分析,得出不同参数的敏感性情况,并在此基础上提出一些建议供实际工程设计参考.     

张紧器的结构参数对顶张式立管动力响应的影响研究

本文针对带液压气动式张紧器的顶张式立管,综合考虑浮式平台-张紧器-立管之间的运动关系、液压气柱的张力-冲程非线性关系、立管的真实截面布置以及采油树的作用,建立更加符合工程实际的三维有限元分析模型,并通过与实验结果对比验证了该模型的正确性。基于该有限元模型,研究了张紧器的结构参数对顶张式立管动力响应的影响。结果表明:活塞和活塞杆的直径以及高压气体的初始压强对立管的动力响应影响最大;低压气体的初始压强以及液压气柱和立管之间的夹角对立管的动力响应也有重要影响;在相同的环境条件下,高压气体和低压气体的初始体积对立管的动力响应的影响较小。     

深水钻井平台-隔水管系统波激疲劳分析

平台运动是深水钻井隔水管系统波激疲劳的主要来源之一。传统的隔水管波激疲劳分析不考虑或简化钻井平台运动,为了更精确地评估隔水管系统波激疲劳损伤,建立了深水钻井平台-隔水管耦合系统动力学模型及波激疲劳损伤评估方法,开展了动力定位和锚泊定位模式下的隔水管系统动力学响应及疲劳损伤分析,深入揭示深水钻井隔水管系统波激疲劳动力学特性。结果表明,两种定位模式下的平台-隔水管系统受波浪载荷的影响,在常规波浪频率范围内发生波频振动,锚泊定位模式下的平台-隔水管系统还呈现一定的低频特性;两种定位系统下的深水钻井隔水管系统疲劳损伤最大值均发生在隔水管系统顶部,锚泊定位模式下的隔水管系统波激疲劳损伤变异系数较大,动力定位系统下的隔水管系统波激疲劳损伤较大。     

上凸型内孤立波场中顶张力立管极值响应分析

为研究上凸型内孤立波作用下立管的响应问题,建立了顶张力立管在上凸型内孤立波场中的运动方程,流体作用力通过Morison方程求解,上凸型内孤立波引起的速度和加速度用两层流体KdV方程计算;采用有限元法离散控制方程,并用Newmark-β法在时域内求解。通过数值模拟探索上凸型内孤立波作用下顶张力立管的位移、弯矩、应力、顶底端转角等极值响应规律,并分析内孤立波幅值、上下两层流体密度差、顶部张力及壁厚对立管响应的影响。研究结果表明,上凸型内孤立波会引起顶张力立管的位移、弯矩、应力及顶底端转角显著增大;由于上凸型内孤立波引起的海水剪切作用剧烈,导致上下两层流体中立管位移反向。     

钻井平台自动无功功率分配的必要性

晶闸管由于其技术成熟且成本低,现仍广泛应用于钻井平台中,而由于晶闸管整流所造成的无功功率太大对于发电机组的问题,一直是需要解决的问题。为解决钻井平台中,带晶闸管整流的发电机组是否需要增加自动无功功率分配功能的问题,本文从晶闸管整流的原理出发,研究同步发电机励磁系统的无功分配原则,论述带晶闸管整流器的发电机系统需要增加自动无功功率分配功能的必要性。上述分析并在实际项目的调试中加以验证。     

基于DFTA的半潜式钻井平台钻井系统失效风险分析

半潜式钻井平台在海洋油气开采中占有重要地位,其工作运行风险与自身设备状况、外界环境等密切相关,一旦发生事故将导致巨大损失,故对其失效风险的分析工作需要迫切开展。海洋平台系统的失效演化是一个动态的、时变的过程,静态风险分析方法已不能满足准确性要求,故本文采用动态故障树分析法对半潜式钻井平台的钻井系统设备进行失效风险分析。基于系统功能分级思想,选取钻井系统的系统设备部件进行内部逻辑关系梳理,确定故障树定量分析的三类事件和动态逻辑门,并根据已收集的基本事件的失效数据计算得到以钻井系统失效为顶事件的系统失效率为0.0276,最后比对基本事件在顶事件失效中所占的比重,结合故障树计算结果得出敏感性分析下的关键失效因素,并提出以钻井系统大钩失效为重点关注风险规避对象,以钻井绞车的主刹车失效、转盘部件中的方补心失效以及卡瓦失效为主要关注风险规避对象的失效规避路径。