Methods for calculating intervals of reconstructed results in traffic accidents with different types of interval traces

In order to obtain more effective uncertainty analysis methods for analyzing uncertainty of a reconstructed result in a traffic accident with different types of interval traces, three new methods are proposed. The first method is named as sub-interval perturbed method, it is used for calculating the binary interval of the reconstructed result in an accident with binary interval traces, and it can overcome the interval extension problem well. The second method is based on interval arithmetic and the first method, it is used for calculating the ternary interval of the accident reconstruction result in an accident with ternary interval traces, and the most probable value of the reconstructed result is a number. The basic idea of the third method is the same as that of the second method, it is used for calculating the ternary interval of the accident reconstruction result in an accident with mixed interval traces, and the most probable value of the reconstructed result is an interval. All methods are demonstrated and validated by numerical cases. The results show that all methods are feasible and practical. Finally, a true vehicle-motorcycle accident is given, in which the braking distance of vehicle, and the throw distances of driver and motorcycle are all binary interval traces. The accident is reconstructed by the software PC-Crash, and the interval of impact velocity is analyzed. The interval of the velocity is [55.7, 64.3] km/h. This interval result is more objective than a single number.     

基于事故再现的骑车人与行人各部位损伤的对比研究

选取与汽车碰撞事故发生后人体与发动机罩接触并被抛出的57例电动自行车事故和64例行人事故,用PC-Crash进行再现,读取人体头部、胸部、大腿和小腿4个部位的损伤数据。利用现有模型对所得数据进行验证后,通过处理和对比的结果表明,同等条件下,骑车人头部损伤风险低于行人,当车速低于47km/h时,骑车人胸部的损伤风险高于行人,而当车速高于47km/h时,骑车人胸部损伤风险低于行人。在大多数速度工况下,骑车人下肢损伤风险均高于行人;损伤来源方面,骑车人和行人头部损伤大体上均来源于车辆撞击,骑车人胸部损伤的来源没有明显的倾向性,而行人胸部损伤在车速低于42km/h时主要来源于地面撞击,车速高于42km/h时主要来源于车辆撞击。骑车人下肢和行人大腿的损伤来源于车辆撞击,而行人小腿损伤来源则随车速高低而异。     

一种降低人-地撞击损伤的车辆制动控制方法

为降低车人碰撞事故中人与地面撞击所致损伤,提出一种车辆制动控制策略。该策略在检测到人体头部与车辆首次接触后松开车辆制动,之后依据若干准则再次完全制动车辆直到车辆停止。选择10种车型、两种制动方法(完全制动和控制制动)和一个虚拟仿真系统(包含3种车速×4种行人尺寸×2种行人步态)设计了共480次MADYMO仿真试验。结果发现控制制动能降低人-地撞击所致损伤但不会加重车辆的损伤,且能将83.75%案例中车辆与人体主要部位首次触地点位置之间的距离缩短至1 m内。进一步讨论了车型和车速对制动控制策略防护效果的影响、人车首次接触与再次完全制动车辆的时间间隔取值规律和控制制动中损伤加重案例的原因等问题,为今后开发更实用且高效的制动控制策略提供技术支持。