天堂

不许乘轮渡,不许竟逐,里程不能超过480km,最长时限24小时——这是法拉利试驾车规定那么,这一天里我将如何与拥有565kW澎湃动力的法拉利F12TDF跑车共处呢24小时,480公里。无论我们想保持多快和多远,它都能如你所愿——这就是法拉利F 12TDF跑车!究竟应该如何使用它呢？摆脱限制循路而行,我们不必穿越隧道。一个简洁的想法就是把它放上拖车,运到苏格兰高地。但是那样一来将会是忙乱的。而在它的车轮之上,十分钟就能到达我们想去的地方。     

伟大的希冀

<正>阿斯顿马丁期望全新Vantage能够成功,但它需要先争得几个不可小觑的竞争对手的同意,比如奥迪R8 V10 Plus、迈凯轮540C和保时捷911 Carrera 4 GTS终于,我必须要感叹一声,终于开上了阿斯顿马丁Vantage。之前无论是在北极圈冰面上工程车的测试还是葡萄牙盛大发布会上的体验都像是被别人刻意安排好的节目。不能否认,Vantage在柏油路面上确实快得惊人,在赛道上又可以随心漂移,但仅凭这两项很难让人对于     

Exploring built environment impacts on transit use – an updated meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

The built environment (BE) is widely accepted to influence transit use (TU). Evidence to date suggests the relationship is dependent on many factors which can be difficult to account for in quantitative studies. This creates barriers to transferring research into practice. Considering many studies together can be useful for accounting for more of the factors impacting transit use. Yet, meta-analysis of research measuring these influences was last undertaken in 2010 based on 18 studies. Since then 90 new quantitative studies have been published. These recent studies use improved methodologies and are conducted in more diverse geographies. This paper reports an improved and updated meta-analysis of built environment impacts on transit use. It compares elasticity estimates from research published pre-and post-2010 and explores the impact of new methods and a more diverse geographical representation on findings. Updated meta-elasticities range from <0.01 to 0.26; a similar range to the 2010 study. However, at the individual indicator levels, more recent results are different. Elasticities for urban density, including population, employment and commercial density, have increased significantly in studies published since 2010, as did that of land use mix. However, measures of local access, design and jobs-housing balance decreased in post-2010 studies. These results confirm the small but imprecise relationship between the BE and TU. Results also suggest that while the range of elasticity impacts is relatively consistent, new study methodologies, notably those that control for regional accessibility and self-selection, and the increasing geographical diversity in study applications, is acting to change BE-TU findings at the indicator level. Research setting and context are important to consider when using empirical results to design BE strategies to promote transit use.