ITS——未来轮胎信息系统

2007年9月,美国规定所有载重量小于4．5吨的新车必须安装胎压监控系统,欧洲目前正在讨论这项措施。按照欧盟委员会的意见,从2012年起,所有新车都必须配备TPMS（轮胎压力监测系统）。作为全球TPMS领先厂商之一,大陆集团正在开发无电池解决方案。ITS（轮胎智能监测系统）采用压电技术将动能转换为电能,从而取代电池供电。     

The representation and implementation of time-dependent inundation in large-scale microscopic evacuation simulations

Multi-agent simulation has increasingly been used for transportation simulation in recent years. With current techniques, it is possible to simulate systems consisting of several million agents. Such multi-agent simulations have been applied to whole cities and even large regions. In this paper it is demonstrated how to adapt an existing multi-agent transportation simulation framework to large-scale pedestrian evacuation simulation. The underlying flow model simulates the traffic-based on a simple queue model where only free speed, bottleneck capacities, and space constraints are taken into account. The queue simulation, albeit simple, captures the most important aspects of evacuations such as the congestion effects of bottlenecks and the time needed to evacuate the endangered area. In the case of an evacuation simulation the network has time-dependent attributes. For instance, large-scale inundations or conflagrations do not cover all the endangered area at once.These time-dependent attributes are modeled as network change events. Network change events are modifying link parameters at predefined points in time. The simulation framework is demonstrated through a case study for the Indonesian city of Padang, which faces a high risk of being inundated by a tsunami.