Survey on arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy

This paper summed up the characteristics of native arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in maintenance hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Chinese hemodialysis centers. A survey was conducted on AVF in maintenance hemodialysis patients with type 2 DN. A total of 224 cases of maintenance hemodialysis patients were included in this study, among which, 65 cases in DN group, 33 cases in diabetes mellitus (DM) group and 126 cases in non-diabetic control (C) group. Hemoglobin, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, parathyroid hormone and calcium-phosphate product of the three groups of patients were not significantly different. Glycated hemoglobin A1c of DN group and DM group was not significant different. AVF life of (28.7 ± 10.0) months in DN group was significantly shorter than that of (36.5 ± 19.4) months in C group (statistic probability P <0.01), and AVF life of (32.5 ± 10.1) months in DM group (P <0.05) was also shorter than that in C group, while there was no significant difference in AVF life between DN group and DM group. Proportion of upper arm fistula in DN patients (11/65) was significantly higher than that in C group (6/123, P < 0.01). Life of AVF in patients with DN was relatively short, with more times of angioplasty and greater possibility of selecting upper arm internal fistula.     

黄芪甲苷改善高糖诱导的足细胞损伤和线粒体功能障碍并抑制Notch通路激活

目的 研究黄芪甲苷对高糖诱导足细胞损伤和线粒体功能障碍的保护作用及其分子机制。方法 构建高糖(30 mmol/L葡萄糖)诱导足细胞损伤模型,分别用低、中、高剂量黄芪甲苷与高糖共处理细胞;CCK-8检测细胞活性,TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡,JC-1荧光探针检测线粒体膜电位,试剂盒检测ATP含量,Western blotting检测凋亡及足细胞损伤相关蛋白和Notch通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果 与control组相比,HG组细胞活性降低、细胞凋亡水平增加(P<0.05),抗凋亡蛋白(Bcl2)表达降低,凋亡蛋白(Bax、cleaved-caspase 9、cleaved-caspase 3)表达升高(P均<0.05);和HG组相比,HG+AS-IV组改善高糖诱导的细胞活性和细胞凋亡水平(P<0.05),抗凋亡蛋白(Bcl2)表达升高,凋亡蛋白(Bax、cleaved-caspase 9、cleaved-caspase 3)表达降低(P均<0.05);和control组比较,HG组细胞线粒体发生功能障碍,JC-1单体含量升高,ATP含量降低(P均<0.05);和...