基于视频目标检测的桥梁防船撞主动预警技术研究*

为减少船撞桥事故的发生,提高桥区水域的通航安全等级,以目标检测算法为基础通过AForge.NET工具包设计实现对桥区水域的运动船舶实时检测与跟踪。根据运动船舶的航行轨迹预测船舶航向,判断船舶是否具有撞桥危险并做出相应预警措施。并在安徽淮河干流蚌埠段等进行验证试验,试验结果表明检测效果良好,能够对高等级航道桥群河段的桥梁防撞主动预警提供有效可行的实施方案。     

Risk management modeling and its application in maritime safety

Quantified risk assessment （QRA） needs mathematicization of risk theory. However, attention has been paid almost exclusively to applications of assessment methods, which has led to neglect of research into fundamental theories, such as the relationships among risk, safety, danger, and so on. In order to solve this problem, as a first step, fundamental theoretical relationships about risk and risk management were analyzed for this paper in the light of mathematics, and then illustrated with some charts. Second, man-machine-environment-management （MMEM） theory was introduced into risk theory to analyze some properties of risk. On the basis of this, a three-dimensional model of risk management was established that includes： a goal dimension; a management dimension; an operation dimension. This goal management operation （GMO） model was explained and then emphasis was laid on the discussion of the risk flowchart （operation dimension）, which lays the groundwork for further study of risk management and qualitative and quantitative assessment. Next, the relationship between Formal Safety Assessment （FSA） and Risk Management was researched. This revealed that the FSA method, which the international maritime organization （IMO） is actively spreading, comes from Risk Management theory. Finally, conclusion were made about how to apply this risk management method to concrete fields efficiently and conveniently, as well as areas where further research is required.