薄膜型LNG液舱晃荡压力与结构响应试验

影响薄膜型LNG船大型化的一个关键问题是严重的液舱晃荡冲击压力以及由此引起的复杂和危险的结构动响应,至今模型试验是研究此类问题的最重要的方法。本文以某大型LNG船尺度较大和运动较剧烈的2号液舱为研究对象,设计了精细的三维晃荡试验模型,通过不同载液水平的系列规则和不规则运动激励的晃荡试验研究晃荡冲击压力特性;基于薄膜型液舱围护系统结构性能计算结果,设计四边简支铜板格分析液舱围护系统结构弹性效应;另外,还利用浪高仪测量液舱波面运动情况。试验结果表明不论规则运动激励,还是不规则运动激励,晃荡冲击压力幅值均表现出明显的随机性,工况可能产生远大于单自由度运动工况的晃荡冲击压力。晃荡冲击压力、应力和波面测量结果可为验证晃荡数值方法和液舱围护系统结构设计提供依据。     

高速公路路线设计的几点思考

路线设计是控制高速公路工程质量、工程造价、工程实施的主要因素,好的线形设计方案不但可以降低项目的工程造价、施工难度,还可以提高工程质量,改善行车条件,保障交通安全,同时将公路建设对环境的影响降低到最小,有利于水土保持,保护、美化环境,使高速公路建成后成为一道美丽的风景线。     

液舱在弹性支撑下的晃荡载荷试验研究

SPB型液舱具有自撑式结构特征,船体内底分布的弹性支座支撑整个液舱,其支座的弹性效应对晃荡引起的冲击压力可能产生一定的影响.本文考虑了SPB型液舱弹性支撑效应,开展了缩尺比为1/59的晃荡模型试验研究,分析了弹性支撑效应对晃荡压力及晃荡共振频率的影响.试验结果表明:在14％及75％装载时弹性支撑效应使得晃荡压力减小,在90％装载时则增大;弹性支撑效应使得晃荡共振频率在14％装载时增大,90％装载时减小,而75％装载时没有明显影响.     

桥梁车桥耦合振动的简化算法

针对车辆行走引起的车桥耦合现象,采用一种简捷实用的移动车辆荷载模拟方法,将车辆荷载简化成时变三角形荷载进行动态加载。结合文献资料,使用ANSYS软件建立空间有限元模型进行分析,对比结果表明:该方法计算结果与参考文献资料结果均吻合较好,能反应出移动车辆对桥梁产生的影响,可用于工程实际。     

应变测量在轴系扭转振动测试中的应用

针对目前船舶轴系扭转振动测试主要采用的角位移和角速度测量方法不能直接测量出轴系扭转振动应力,会造成一定程度的误差的问题,基于目前非常成熟的应变测量技术,对轴系扭转振动的测量进行分析,给出数据处理的方法,并提出基于无线遥测轴功率系统进行功率-扭振测试系统的开发和数据分析方法。     

Influence of excitation frequency on slosh-induced impact pressures of liquefied natural gas tanks

Liquid sloshing phenomena in No. 2 tank of 140 km³ liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers have been studied numerically and experimentally. The scale of the model tank was selected as 1/55.9. Roll and pitch motions were tested. For measuring impact pressures, seventeen pressure sensors were installed on the tank model. A large number of excitation frequencies and filling heights were investigated. The experimental results showed that when the frequency of tank motion is close to the natural frequency of fluid inside the tank, large impact pressures may be caused. Resonance frequencies and maximum impact pressures of different filling height were presented. Among all the experimental situations, the maximum impact pressure always occurs at the place near 70% height of tank where should be especially concerned. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the sloshing in the tank. The model was based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, with a standard κ-ɛ turbulence model. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to predict free surface elevations. Dynamic mesh technique was used to update the volume mesh. Computations for pressure time histories and peak pressures were compared to experimental results. Good agreement was observed.