A Socioeconomic Perspective of Environmental Degradation at Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park,Indonesia

Kepulauan Seribu was designated as a marine protected area to promote and protect a healthy marine ecosystem and its biodiversity. However, despite numerous efforts to protect the area, the park continues to be impacted by both external and internal factors. External factors include domestic sewage, vessel traffic, industrial effluent, and urban run-off from metropolitan Jakarta. Meanwhile, internal factors include the problems created by tourism development and the impacts of the economic activities of the park's residents. The ongoing political and economic crisis in Indonesia, which has plagued the country since 1997, has amplified the pressure on the resources and on the well being of the park. This study traces and analyzes the intrinsic causes of the internal problems using a socioeconomic perspective. We suggest that alleviation of poverty and marginality of the park's residents should be prioritized, and that park management should be based on consensus building and participation of all stakeholders.     

一条海底输油管道的定量风险评估其检测标准设计(英文)

该报告描述一条预设海底管道的基于定量风险分析(QRA)的泄漏检测标准(LDc)设计问题.定量风险分析的结果会反映出统计泄漏检测方法是否必要.如果必要,恰当的泄漏检测标准必须建立.在分析中,著名的英国PARLoc 2001数据库将会用来估算管道实效概率.而来自MMS的POSVCM模型则用来做泄漏模拟计算.定量风险分析的结果说明,统计方法的泄露检测系统能打幅度地减少泄漏检测所需时间,从而减轻泄露的事故后果.根据QRA的分析结果,以及许多泄漏检测系统买主的建议,合理的西漏检测标准被设计出来.一旦泄漏事故产生,它可以帮助紧急事故相应组(ERT.)快速检测,定位以及采取方法减轻泄漏.