CO2 air–sea disequilibrium and preformed alkalinity in the Pacific and Indian oceans calculated from subsurface layer data

This work estimates new regionalized empirical parameterizations for preformed alkalinity (A_T^o) and the CO₂ air–sea disequilibrium (?C_dis). Both are key terms for the computation of anthropogenic CO₂ in the back-calculation methods. Data from the subsurface layer (75–180 m depth range) covering an area from North to South and from 19°E to 67.5°W (Pacific and Indian oceans) were taken from GLODAP (The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project) database. The subsurface layer is proved as a reliable reference for representing the main characteristics of the different water masses of the oceans. Besides, handing data from the two ocean basins altogether makes the new parameterizations of A_T^o and ?C_dis to be more globally consistent. Nevertheless, each ocean basin, at least in some regions, has different oceanographic characteristics based on its proper dynamical processes and water masses formation. In order to maintain each ocean basin ‘identity’ the whole domain was divided in six different regions (two of them sharing waters from Pacific and Indian oceans) and parameterizations in each region for both terms were obtained. Previously, data were transformed into a grid of 4°lat. × 5°lon. and the results obtained from the parameterizations were visualized and compare with pCO₂ climatologies. From the comparisons with previous ?C_dis estimations good results are obtained showing the reliability and robustness of the new regionalized empiric parameterizations.     

Urban cycling mobility: management and urban institutional arrangements to support bicycle tourism activities—case study from Curitiba,Brazil

Transportation - Simultaneously addressing micro-mobility and urban tourism has been a challenge for urban managers formulating cycle-inclusive urban policies in different countries. In this...     

On the vibrational characteristics of a two-tier scaled container stack

It is estimated that around 10,000 containers are lost during maritime transportation every year, representing an economic loss to the liner industry. Regulations and norms used to calculate values to secure them to the ship’s deck account for static loads only, neglecting more realistic conditions. This paper describes an approach to simulate a two-tier scaled model of a 20-ft ISO freight container and its linking connectors, denominated twist locks, subject to a dynamical load induced by its base. To analyze this problem two methods were employed: a shaking table test and finite-element analysis. Results of this study indicate that the numerical model built to simulate two-tier container stack dynamics is a promising tool for further studies. Moreover, the model is able to predict conditions close to real situations faced by container stacks while stored on deck.     

多事之秋信心是金

诚如<东方时评>所述,尽管2008年受国际金融海啸的影响,国内经济发展未能幸免,汽车产销量11月出现负增长,年产销止步于1000万辆大关的门槛之外.但这也是因为汽车工业的发展已经到了一个相当规模的阶段,诸多因汽车大发展而引发的矛盾到了一个必须解决的时候.     

Detection and Classification of Vehicles by Measurement of Road-Pavement Vibration and by Means of Supervised Machine Learning

Road vehicle detection and, to a lesser extent, classification have received considerable attention, in particular for the purpose of traffic monitoring by transportation authorities. A multitude of sensors and systems have been developed to assist people in traffic monitoring. Camera-based systems have enjoyed wide adoption over the last decade, partially substituting for more traditional techniques. Methods based on road-pavement vibration are not as common as camera-based systems. However, vibration sensors may be of interest when sensors must be out of sight and insensitive to environmental conditions, such as fog. We present and discuss our work on detection and classification of vehicles by measurement of road-pavement vibration and by means of supervised machine learning. We describe the entire processing chain from sensor data acquisition to vehicle classification and discuss our results for the task of vehicle detection and the task of vehicle classification separately. Using data for a single vibration sensor, our results show a performance ranging between 94% and near 100% for the detection task (1340 samples) and between 43% and 86% for the classification task (experiment specific, between 454 and 1243 samples).     

编者的话

政策、政策、还是政策!中国汽车工业尤其是以私车普及为代表的乘用车发展逐步进入汽车与社会的相互改造时期,政策环境的影响越来越大,可谓"牵一发而动全身".本期东方时评将与读者一起回顾2007年中国汽车政策,并对税收、产品、能源战略、市场贸易和出口五方面政策进行了全面解析.     

老问题的新思考

金融海啸影响下的全球车企，目前大都谨言慎行。风云变化莫测。许多老问题有待重新思考。比如中国汽车的自主研发创新在金融和能源的双重危机下，该如何抓紧时间和机遇往正确的方向进行商业化运作？其次，惨淡经营的经销商们在面对蠢蠢欲动的私募时候，究竟怎样抉择才是明智之举？而私募一旦收购了经销商，除了尽量使其高速成长外，如何持续降低企业成本、不断增加利润？这些都将是所有企业管理者在这一时期所要面对的第一要务。