公路特大型泥石流研究及防治新理念

作为我国一种严重的公路水毁类型，公路特大型泥石流灾害至今尚未解决，本文建构了该类泥石流研究及防治新理念，对于公路建筑物的安全与稳定、确保公路交通有序进行具有重要意义。研究认为，公路泥石流研究及防治的主要对象是具有大冲大淤性能、毁损作用强烈的特大型泥石流；必须遵循以泥石流发育机理研究为基础、防治技术研究为手段、防治工程研究为目的的研究原则；详细分析了公路泥石流水毁模式，概化分析了冲淤变动型沟谷泥石流的发育特性；开发了防治效果极佳的速流结构，运用运动状态函数法建构了速流结构设计理念，运用动力学建构了泥石流最大抛程计算理论。     

A practical capacity model of a single track line

The paper presents a model for determining the practical capacity of a single track line, i.e. the maximum number of trains which can be run along it in a time unit under the condition that each train enters its bottleneck segment with a definite delay.

The input data used in the model are: geometrical characteristics of the bottleneck segment of the line under study, the intensity and structure of demand expressed by a number of trains which are run over the line in a given time unit, the scenario of traffic running over the line under study and the operational tactics of individual train categories processing on the bottleneck segment.

(Two tactics can be applied in the train processing on the line under study; first, the trains of individual categories are given different priorities in the processing, and second, all the trains have the same priority).

The output results of the model are average delays of trains of each category occurring within the train processing performed on the bottleneck segment of the line under study in a given time unit.     

出行者特征要素对公交服务模式的影响分析

公共交通是面向大众的服务,公共交通服务模式的制定与完善需要重点考虑出行者的出行需求,才能从根本上提高公共交通的竞争力。借鉴服务经济学的理论将公共交通服务模式分为公交服务标准、出行者界面、公交服务环境和技术4个维度。基于攀枝花市居民出行调查与公交专项调查数据,应用SPSS定量分析出行者特征要素与公交服务选择的相关性,以考察研究出行者对于公交服务的需求,并提出改善策略。通过研究表明,出行目的、出行时间、职业和年龄与公交服务模式的相关性较大。     

Quantitative evaluation of passenger terminal orientation

When passenger terminal layout is being decided, one of the important aspects to consider is how the passenger orients himself during his visit to the terminal and his movements through it, i.e. terminal orientation. Among other things, this terminal characteristic results from visibility, or the visual connectivity between elements and spaces. The paper proposes an amendment and modification to the known method for the quantitative evaluation of terminal orientation which uses an oriented network to describe the connectivity of elements (terminal orientation). The amendment and modification of the method consists of proposing that during evaluation only visual connections that have functional meaning should be considered, rather than all visual connections. A further modification is the introduction of different weights for different connections. The example presented in the paper considers an airport terminal building.     

上海市重大市政项目社会稳定风险评估概述及方法探究

重点建设项目的社会稳定风险分析和评估(简称稳评)是上海近年新开展的一项工作,通过对该项工作的主要目的、原则及过程进行研讨,利用开创性的社会学研究方法,将工程客观影响特点及相关特性调查有机结合,经归纳分析,预测项目可能产生的社会稳定风险.众多重大市政项目的稳评实践结果表明,所采用的方法可靠,评估结论准确可信,能为今后其他项目的分析和评估工作提供指导与参考,发挥稳评从源头上避免和减少因工程建设引发社会矛盾的积极作用.     

Light Rail Rapid Transit systems for more sustainable ground accessibility of airports

This paper investigates the potential of Light Rail Rapid Transit (LRRT) to mitigate the environmental and social burden of ground access systems of an airport. This implies, on the one hand, LRRT's capability in mitigating externalities in terms of noise, air pollution/climate change, traffic incidents/accidents and congestion of airport ground access systems and, on the other, the provision of sufficient capacity to accommodate generally increasing volumes of both air passenger and airport employee demand by connecting the airport to its core catchment area. A methodology for assessing the capability of LRRT operating as an airport ground access system is developed. This methodology consists of models to analyze and predict demand and capacity for an LRRT system and models to quantify the externalities of particular airport ground access systems as well as assessing their prospective savings thanks to the introduction of an LRRT system. The methodology is applied to a large European airport – Amsterdam Schiphol (the Netherlands) – using a ‘what-if?’ scenario approach.     

基于出行链理论的城际旅客出行特征研究

在传统"四阶段法"不满足城际出行研究要求的情况下,借鉴出行活动分析理论对城镇群内城际出行行为进行研究。通过构建城际出行链理论模型,结合长江三角洲城镇群旅客城际出行调查数据,采用统计分析方法,探讨了城镇群内旅客城际出行全过程的时空变化规律,分析了各类客流在城际出行不同阶段的差异性。     

论研究与开发费用的会计处理

本文对企业研究与开发费用的现行会计处理方法,即全部费用化和部分资本化作了分析,并指出了这两种处理方法存在的缺点。提出了在知识经济时代,随着企业研究开发费用投入的不断增加,对研究开发费用的会计处理应采用全部资本化处理方法的观点。     

A GIS‐based traffic analysis zone design: implementation and evaluation

The purpose of this paper is to implement an efficient method for GIS‐based traffic analysis zone (TAZ) design in order to evaluate and validate such a method. The method was developed by the authors.

Moran's I spatial autocorrelation coefficient and sample variance are used for evaluating the generated TAZs using the Champaign‐Urbana, IL region as a case study. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to explore the fluctuations in TAZ generation outcomes. The evaluation, the validation as well as the TAZ design have been implemented with ARC/INFO GIS software on a UNIX workstation platform.