宽带干扰下GPS接收机捕获性能的分析

在GPS接收机捕获原理的基础上，分析了GPS接收机的平均捕获时间和捕获时间方差，推导出宽带干扰与噪声的功率谱密度，从而得到检测概率和虚警概率的表达式，最后给出不同中频信噪比以及不同积分时间下的平均捕获时间和平均捕获时间方差与干扰噪声功率比的关系曲线。仿真结果表明宽带干扰功率达到一定值时，对GPS接收机具有较好的干扰效果。     

Marketing management at the world's major ports

Recent technological developments in maritime transport, particularly in container shipping and larger vessels, are having major repercussions at ports the world over. The latest wave of innovations has increased the level of competition in maritime transport, in particular in port activities. Shippers have many more alternatives available, something that tends to increase the hinterland of each port, precisely by reducing captive hinterlands. Ports are now generally moving towards formulas in which private initiative has a bigger role to play. Increases in competition combined with growth in private initiatives highlight the usefulness of marketing tools in two ways. Externally, because they help to achieve throughputs from remote points of origin and destination, and internally, by aiding the proper coordination of business and organizational activity at a commercial port. The present paper is a transversal study of the current situation of marketing and quality tools at major ports, including the opinions of a range of port commercial and marketing managers. We have also tried to describe the differentiated groups to be found at ports, as a useful methodology for identifying the nearest competition or ports with similar characteristics.     

Influence of vehicle driving parameters on the noise caused by passenger cars in urban traffic

In this work, a sample of vehicles has been instrumented to measure of variables that influence vehicle noise emissions in Madrid. A circuit reproducing a normal travel pattern in large city is traveled by a fleet of vehicle models representing the fleets of cars in a European city. A sample of drivers covers the test track under different traffic conditions. Driving parameters and noise emitted have been recorded in each test and average values have been extracted. These data have been analyzed to define the noise emissions produced by a vehicle in real driving conditions and to identify the noisiest driving behaviors.     

Real-time parking information management to reduce search time,vehicle displacement and emissions

The time spent searching for free parking spaces can produce considerable environmental pollution. Information on parking availability can be a powerful instrument for reducing these search costs. This paper develops a demand assignment model to evaluate the benefits of manipulating information with the objective of reducing the time and distances involved in finding a parking-place; including the walking distances involved. Using the full search procedure it was found that improvements of some 10% in efficiency could be achieved, but only at high computational costs. A genetic algorithm was programmed that increases the possibility of finding the optimum information conditions that can be translated into lower emissions of toxic greenhouse gases.     

一种结构垂向冲击载荷测量方法分析研究

某些作用在舰船结构上的瞬态动载荷,由于受到客观条件限制（比如空间狭小）,不方便直接通过压力传感器获得其大小,而该载荷对于船体结构设计又关系重大,如何取得外载荷曲线便成了十分关键的问题。针对实船某承受特殊冲击载荷的基座结构,通过测量其结构动应变,利用材料应变-应力关系曲线得出了冲击载荷的时间历程曲线,最后用有限元法对该冲击载荷测量曲线进行验证。结果表明,当结构应变率小于3mm/mm/s时,可采用静态材料应变-应力关系曲线对结构冲击载荷进行测量计算,从而为此类结构外载荷测量方法提供参考。     

An approach to geometric optimisation of railway catenaries

The quality of current collection becomes a limiting factor when the aim is to increase the speed of the present railway systems. In this work an attempt is made to improve current collection quality optimising catenary geometry by means of a genetic algorithm (GA). As contact wire height and dropper spacing are thought to be highly influential parameters, they are chosen as the optimisation variables. The results obtained show that a GA can be used to optimise catenary geometry to improve current collection quality measured in terms of the standard deviation of the contact force. Furthermore, it is highlighted that apart from the usual pre-sag, other geometric parameters should also be taken into account when designing railway catenaries.     

Spatial structures of network flows: A graph theoretical approach

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the development and systematization of some of the possibilities offered by graph-theory approach dealing with flow data. Two complementary methods are expounded: simple linkage analysis, a variant of Nystuen and Dacey's method put forward by the present author, and multiple linkage analysis. These two methods enable the representation of the basic interrelation structures within a given network. Finally, certain indices are developed to measure the degree of dispersion of these structures.     

A valuation of the environmental performance of vehicles: an analysis and comparison of two methodologies

The European Clean Vehicle Directive was introduced in 2009 to create an obligation on public authorities to take into account the impact of energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and pollutant emissions into their purchasing decisions for road transport vehicles. This should stimulate the market for clean and energy-efficient vehicles and improve transport's impact on environment, climate change and energy use. Therefore the so-called ‘Operational Lifetime Cost’ of a vehicle is calculated, divided into the cost for energy consumption, CO₂ and pollutant (nitrous oxide, particulate matter, non-methane hydrocarbons) emissions. In Belgium, a different methodology has been developed to calculate the environmental impact of a vehicle, called ‘Ecoscore’, based on a well-to-wheel approach. More pollutants are included compared to the Clean Vehicle methodology, but also indirect emissions are taken into account. In this paper, both methodologies are compared and used to analyze the environmental performance of passenger cars with different fuel types and from different vehicle segments. Similar rankings between both methodologies are obtained; however, the large impact of energy use (and CO₂ emissions) in the Clean Vehicle methodology disadvantages compressed natural gas cars, as well as diesel cars equipped with particulate filters, compared to the Ecoscore methodology.     

Drivers’ adoption of electronic payment in the Spanish toll road network

Transportation - Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems are based on tags, on-board units associated to personal bank accounts, used for paying tolls electronically. Despite the benefits...     

专家系统在天然气管道运行优化中的应用探讨

讨论了调度员和专家系统在天然气管道运行中的基本任务。针对管道运行过程中存在的一些不确定和不精确信息 ,在专家系统中引入了模糊集和模糊逻辑的理论 ,以描述此类信息 ,可在人类和机器之间提供一种更加自然的联系方式。着重讨论了知识的获取及模糊控制规则。此外 ,所述方法提供了一种比较方便的天然气管道优化控制方式