路侧公交专用车道模式下右转交织长度建模

在设置路侧公交专用道的交叉口处,可通过划定交织区的方式允许右转车辆借用一定长度的公交专用道通行.合理规划公交车与右转车的交织区长度有利于提高借道右转的通行效率,减少在交织区前的排队车辆数从而降低道路混乱程度,保障公交车的专用路权.本文分析了公交站点影响下的公交车车头时距分布,建立了右转车穿越交织区长度计算模型,并结合实际调查数据进行了算例分析和模型验证.研究成果可为公交优先条件下的交叉口空间优化设计提供理论参考.     

提前右转组织方式及其影响分析

以可插车间隙理论和概率论为基础,建立了固定与可变交织区长度的提前右转组织方式下右转机动车通行能力计算模型与延长交织区所能够增加的通行能力的计算模型,提出了提前右转组织方式的适用条件。以平均延误为指标,对比分析了两种组织方式下右转机动车的运行效果,基于Webster信号配时方法,对实行提前右转方式的交叉口内直行和左转车流的通行能力进行了分析。分析结果表明:采用提前右转组织方式后交叉口直行和左转通行能力增加;在右转机动车提前右转能够满足通行能力时,提前右转可减小冲突区的面积,否则,可以通过延长交织区长度来增加通行能力,以减少右转车的平均延误。     

非严格优先权下许可相位左转车辆侵占时距分布模型

提出侵占时距的概念来描述非严格优先权下许可相位左转车流的微观特性,并根据左转车辆通过时,交叉口内对向直行车辆的不同存在形式,划分成了4种交通状态.基于大量的实测数据,利用7种不同的模型对侵占时距分布进行拟合.采用最大似然估计法进行参数估计,通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验对不同模型在不同状态下的拟合优度进行判定.最终得到Log-Logistic模型对不同交通状态下的拟合效果最优,并且其模型参数值的大小与对向直行车辆的不同存在状态有关.最后,选取了2个交叉口作为验证组,验证了Log-Logistic模型在不同交叉口不同交通状态下的适用性.     

主支路交叉口设置信号的临界流量

为寻求主支路交叉口设置信号的临界流量依据,以可插车间隙理论和排队论为基础,用概率分析法证明了将多股主路车流看作一股车流的可行性,建立了主支路交叉口的平均延误模型.从交通效率的角度出发,对比交叉口信号设置前后的平均延误时间,针对常见的3种无信号交叉方式,得到了不同临界间隙下设置信号的临界流量曲线,为主支路交叉口的信号设置提供了理论依据.     

机动车左弯待转区设置的临界条件

为寻求左弯待转区的设置依据,分析了交叉口的几何形状,给出了设置左弯待转区的几何临界条件;利用累计曲线和交通波理论建立了左转车排队位置模型,如果交叉口的渠化方案和信号配时方案保持不变,应用排队位置模型可以得出在排队长度约束下的临界流量和极限流量;如果左转车的到达率一定时间段是稳定不变的,可以得到设置左弯待转区的左转相位最短绿灯时间和最长红灯时间.研究成果可为左弯待转区的设置提供理论依据.     

Critical Conditions for Left-Turn Lane’s Stop Line Backwards Setting Under Exclusive Left-Turn Phase

Aiming at the problem that the vehicles always turn left in advance which causes heavy conflicts in the intersection and effected traffic efficiency,the solution of the left-turn lane’s stop line backwards setting was proposed,and the critical conditions on the stop line’s setting were studied.Firstly,we studied the characteristics of trajectories distribution in the release process of turning left in advance vehicles.Based on that,we proposed to move the stop line backwards to solve the problem of turning left in advance.Considering the intersection’s geometric features and the vehicle operation features,the geometric critical condition was given for setting the position of left-turn lane’s stop line.And then the model of left-turn vehicles’queuing length was established based on queuing theory and traffic wave theory.By using queuing length model,the flow restrictions of stop line backwards could be found.Assuming left-turn vehicles’arrival rate is stable in a certain period of time,the minimum green time and the maximum red time of left-turn phase were given after the stop line was set up.According to the changes of the vehicles’turning paths,the shortest yellow setting recommendation was given.Finally,the application of the critical limits used in stop line backwards setting was demonstrated.The research result could provide a theoretical basis for traffic signs and markings’setting and perfect the relevant laws and regulations.     

考虑博弈的多智能体强化学习分布式信号控制

交通需求的不均衡和波动会增加分布式信号控制优化的难度. 由于现有独立动作的多智能体强化学习(IA-MARL)仅基于自身的历史经验做出决策，基于IA-MARL的分布式信号控制难以及时缓解交通需求不均衡和波动的影响. 本文融入博弈论的混合策略纳什均衡概念，改进IA-MARL的决策过程，提出考虑博弈的多智能体强化学习(G-MARL)框架. 在采用带有泊松到达率的道路网络流量不均衡输入的格子网络中，分别对基于IA-MARL 和GMARL 的分布式控制方法进行数值模拟，获取单位行程时间和单位车均延误曲线. 结果显示，与IA-MARL相比，G-MARL在单位行程时间和单位车均延误方面分别改善59.94%和81.45%. 证明G-MARL适用于不饱和且交通需求不均衡和波动的分布式信号控制.     

Pedestrian crosswalk overflow violation in China: Characteristics and countermeasure

The phenomenon that pedestrians do not walk in the crosswalk during pedestrian green is defined as overflow violation, which is illegal but common. Broadly varying crossing positions at far-side cross-section may result in widely distributed conflict points with left-turning and right-turning vehicles, which may cause the occurrence of severe conflicts. This paper proposes a model to estimate the overflow pedestrians’ crossing positions at the far-side cross-section of signalized crosswalk, which enables us to better understand pedestrian overflow violation behavior and finally facilitate their safety. After analysis, the intersection geometry and destination are determined as the critical factors causing pedestrians to overflow. And then, Weibull distribution is employed to describe the stochastic characteristics of overflow pedestrians’ crossing position distribution at the far-side cross-section. A crossing position distribution model which takes the crosswalk length, width and distance between crosswalk and destination into account is developed. The established model is validated by comparing the observed pedestrian crossing positions with the estimated crossing positions. The validation results suggest that the established model is capable of being adopted to estimate the overflow pedestrians’ crossing positions at far-side cross-section. Based on the model, countermeasure for overflow violation can be put forward to prevent pedestrians from walking outside the crosswalk.     

基于元胞自动机的附加导流岛型出口仿真建模

为研究附加导流岛型出口对快速路交通流的影响，本文建立针对附加导流岛型出口的元胞自动机模型。基于KKW (Kerner Klenov Wolf)模型，引入3种换道规则并分段设定，以描述附加导流岛型出口影响下的车辆换道行为。针对主辅路直接衔接的几何特点，对主路车辆经由出口驶出的过程等效简化，定义附加导流岛型出口下的车辆驶出规则。模型的数值仿真结果表明：导流岛通过引导辅路车辆在导流岛上游向外侧车道合流，能够使辅路下游的内侧车道起到辅助车道的作用。在此设置下，辅路车流对车辆驶出造成的直接干扰得到缓解，主路的通行效率显著提高。然而，辅路车辆经过导流岛后的强制换道会对驶出的平稳交通流造成扰动而诱发局部拥堵， 影响驶出车流的进一步疏散，导致主路饱和流量和平均速度的下降。此外，导流岛使得辅路形成道路缩减瓶颈，在其影响下，辅路总饱和流量大幅下降。导流岛对辅路内侧车道的占用使得其流量和平均速度均低于外侧车道，通行效率受到更大的影响。     

基于可变车道的交叉口左转公交优先方法

为减少左转公交在信号交叉口的延误，提高通行效率，本文提出一种新的基于公交预信号的可变公交车道(VBAL)控制方法.提出VBAL的渠化模型及主预信号控制模型，利用车辆累积曲线图示法以现状的单左转(SLTL)方案为基准，将VBAL方案与双左转(DLTL)方案比较；建立左转公交和直行车辆延误变化量的计算模型，并进行灵敏度分析.结果表明，VBAL 方案能够在有效降低左转公交延误的同时，最大程度减少直行车辆延误的增加.最后，实例分析证明了VBAL方法的可行性.