Seaport Development and Coastal Management Programs: A National Overview

Oysters have been harvested on the east coast of Australia for many thousands of years. Coastal Aboriginal communities used the extensive estuarine oyster resource and may have farmed oysters by establishing shell cultch beds in shallow areas of estuaries. The British colonization of Australia commenced in 1788 and oysters were initially used for food and production of lime. Concerns about unsustainable exploitation led to introduction of legislation that directed the oyster industry to aquaculture in 1884. Translocation of oyster stock for fattening, from New Zealand to Australian east coast estuaries, was encouraged. Here evidence is presented that this activity resulted in “mudworm disease” appearing in oyster farming estuaries on the Australian east coast between 1880 and 1900. The pandemic permanently destroyed natural sub-tidal oyster reefs and forced the oyster industry to adopt avoidance farming techniques including intertidal farming to cope with mudworm.     

糖基化模式

一些生物技术产品，比如促红细胞生成素和单克隆抗体（mAbs）等，可以发生糖基化作用，这一性质显著影响了它们在体内的安全性和治疗效果。这些治疗用糖蛋白发生糖基化作用后生成多糖，从而影响了它们的生物活性和稳定性，这也是造成生物技术产品生产过程中出现批次差异的主要因素。     

Evacuated tube transport technologies （ET3）^tm： a maximum value global transportation network for passengers and cargo

Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies(ET3) offers the potential for more than an order of magnitude improvement in transportation efficiency,speed,cost,and effectiveness.An ET3 network may be optimized to sustainably displace most global transportation by car,ship,truck,train,and jet aircraft.To do this,ET3 standards should adhere to certain key principals:maximum value through efficiency,reliability,and simplicity;equal consideration for passenger and cargo loads;optimum size;high speed/high frequency oper...