GLUTAMATE－IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS IN MEDULLARY RAPHE－CEREBELLUM PATHWAY IN THE KITTEN

ＧＬＵＴＡＭＡＴＥ－ＩＭＭＵＮＯＲＥＡＣＴＩＶＥＮＥＵＲＯＮＳＩＮＭＥＤＵＬＬＡＲＹＲＡＰＨＥ－ＣＥＲＥＢＥＬＬＵＭＰＡＴＨＷＡＹＩＮＴＨＥＫＩＴＴＥＮ（江赛男），（刘荣桓）ＪｉａｎｇＳａｉｎａｎ；,ＳｉｍｏｎＪ．Ｆｕｎｇ；ＬｉｕＲｏｎｇｈｕａｎ；，...     

2和4的方程式

尽管中国曾经号称"自行车王国",但如今能为我们界定为自行车专家的人却并不算多。因为90%还在骑车的人不过是被迫仍然使用这种廉价的代步工具而已,而另一些人则在"升级"为四轮之后就患上了"汽油依赖症"。只有经历过从两轮到四轮,再重新回到两轮的资深人士,才有资格和我们一起计算这个算式……     

Nonlinear pricing of taxi services

This paper examines the effects of nonlinear fare structures in taxi markets using an extended taxi model with an explicit consideration of perceived profitability. The expected profit, defined as the profit per unit time (inclusive of both occupied and vacant taxi times), that a taxi driver expects to receive from picking up a customer in a particular zone or location, has great impact on the taxi driver’s choice of location in the search for customers. The fare structure directly governs the profitability of taxi rides of different distances originating from different locations. With these explicit considerations, the extended model is intended to look into the market effects of adopting a nonlinear fare structure with declining incremental charges. The proposed nonlinear fare structure could help restore a level-playing field for taxi operators whose businesses have been affected by some taxi drivers who resort to practices such as offering fare discounts or accepting requests for discounted fares from passengers for long-haul trips. Analysis of sensitivity of social welfare and profit gain as well as taxi/customer wait/search times is conducted with respect to the parameters in the nonlinear fare structure for the Hong Kong taxi market, and Pareto-improving nonlinear fare amendments are identified that neither disadvantage any customer nor reduce the taxi operators’ profits.     

THE NEURONS DOUBLE-LABELLED BY SEROTONIN AND GLUTAMATE-IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN

ＴＨＥＮＥＵＲＯＮＳＤＯＵＢＬＥ－ＬＡＢＥＬＬＥＤＢＹＳＥＲＯＴＯＮＩＮＡＮＤＧＬＵＴＡＭＡＴＥ－ＩＭＭＵＮＯＲＥＡＣＴＩＶＩＴＹＩＮＭＥＤＵＬＬＡＲＹＲＡＰＨＥＮＵＣＬＥＩＰＲＯＪＥＣＴＩＮＧＴＯＴＨＥＣＥＲＥＢＥＬＬＡＲＣＯＲＴＥＸＯＦＴＨＥＫＩ...     

The decline of the U.K. merchant fleet: an assessment of government policies in recent years—a rejoinder to Goss's comment

In recent years, the Hong Kong port has been challenged by the emergence of the Shenzhen port. This gives rise to a concern that the high terminal handling charges (THC) levied by the Hong Kong terminal operators are undermining the competitiveness of the Hong Kong port. As the major container terminals in both Hong Kong and Shenzhen are operated by the Hong Kong terminal operators, the monopoly power of these operators is commonly believed to be the cause of the high THC in Hong Kong. The theoretical model developed in this study shows that the trigger point mechanism (TPM) used by the Hong Kong Government to control the supply of terminal capacity may be a source of such monopoly power. Two possible scenarios are considered in the model—Scenario 1 in which expansion of capacity is unconstrained (i.e. the Shenzhen port); and Scenario 2 in which expansion of capacity is constrained by TPM (i.e. the Hong Kong port). Under TPM, the Hong Kong Government commits not to grant the right to build new container terminals unless and until the demand for container handling services exceeds the current capacity by a certain amount, which provides the incumbent operators incentives to invest preemptively in excess capacity in order to block the entry of potential entrants. This model is supported by the empirical findings from this study. The results from this study suggest an urgent need for the Hong Kong Government to overhaul the current port development policy as a part of the effort to promote economic integration between Hong Kong and the Mainland China.     

A STUDY OF SEROTONERGIC NEURONS ON PATHWAY FROM THE MEDULLARYRAPHE NUCLEI TO THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX IN THE KITTEN BY USING FLU

ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＳＥＲＯＴＯＮＥＲＧＩＣＮＥＵＲＯＮＳＯＮＰＡＴＨＷＡＹＦＲＯＭＴＨＥＭＥＤＵＬＬＡＲＹＲＡＰＨＥＮＵＣＬＥＩＴＯＴＨＥＣＥＲＥＢＥＬＬＡＲＣＯＲＴＥＸＩＮＴＨＥＫＩＴＴＥＮＢＹＵＳＩＮＧＦＬＵＯＲＥＳＣＥＮＴＭＩＣＲＯＳＰＨＥＲＥＳ...     

Competition between the ports of Hong Kong and Singapore: a structural vector error correction model to forecast the demand for container handling services

The objective of this paper is to provide the Hong Kong government with an alternative forecast of container throughput, by studying various interactive relationships between major ports in East and Southeast Asia. As the demand for container handling services is 'derived' from the demand for imports, the resulting market shares for the container handling services gripped by different regions inevitably become a mirror image of the relative competitiveness of their exports. When the markets of the two ports overlap, their market shares will become a function of the prices they charge and how well they meet the needs of the shippers and shipping lines. A vector error correction model (VECM) with structural identification was set up to capture this kind of trade-interdependency and oligopolistic relationship in the East and Southeast Asian market for container handling services. In the course of so-doing, the upward sloping supply curves and downward sloping demand curve for the container handling services provided by Hong Kong and Singapore are identified from the model. Interestingly, the impulse response functions display what is reminiscent of the trade-interdependency and oligopolistic relationship. The forecast of Hong Kong container throughput generated by the structural VECM is then compared with that obtained by the Hong Kong Port Development Board (PDB). The sensitivity analysis shows that, in all possible cases, the structural VECM produces higher growth paths for the Hong Kong container throughput than the PDB does and, hence, suggests an earlier construction of new terminals.