利用列车比例模型风洞试验研究基础设施对列车气动力的影响

为了明确铁路轨道沿线横风所造成的危险,就必须探讨基础设施对列车气动载荷的影响.本文介绍了在标准的TSI基础设施(有碴轨道和无碴轨道以及6 m高路堤)和标准的意大利高架桥路面上,通过风洞试验所测试的ETR 500列车的气动力系数.每一种基础设施的特性都分为有列车和无列车2种状况进行研究.通过对比不同情况下的试验结果,指出...     

Home-work carpooling for social mixing

Transportation - Shared mobility is widely recognized for its contribution in reducing carbon footprint, traffic congestion, parking needs and transportation-related costs in urban and suburban...     

A methodology for vehicle sideslip angle identification: comparison with experimental data

Sideslip angle could provide important information concerning vehicle's stability. Unfortunately direct measurement of sideslip angle requires a complex and expensive experimental set-up, which is not suitable for implementation on ordinary passenger cars; thus, this quantity has to be estimated starting from the measurements of vehicle lateral/longitudinal acceleration, speed, yaw rate and steer angle. According to the proposed methodology, sideslip angle is estimated as a weighted mean of the results provided by a kinematic formulation and those obtained through a state observer based on vehicle single-track model. Kinematical formula is considered reliable for a transient manoeuvre, while the state observer is used in nearly quasi-state condition. The basic idea of the work is to make use of the information provided by the kinematic formulation during a transient manoeuvre to update the single-track model parameters (tires cornering stiffnesses). A fuzzy-logic procedure was implemented to identify steady state or transient conditions.     

Designing robust rapid transit networks with alternative routes

The aim of this paper is to propose a model for the design of a robust rapid transit network. In this paper, a network is said to be robust when the effect of disruption on total trip coverage is minimized. The proposed model is constrained by three different kinds of flow conditions. These constraints will yield a network that provides several alternative routes for given origin–destination pairs, therefore increasing robustness. The paper includes computational experiments which show how the introduction of robustness influences network design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sustainability at Spanish ports specialized in liquid bulk: evolution in times of crisis (2010–2015)

In Spain, 28 Port Authorities of general interest moved more than 168 thousand tonnes of liquid bulk (34% of overall traffic) in 2015. Almost 82% of this amount corresponded to eight ports (G-8) that have a refinery within their facilities. This unique degree of specialization and concentration makes this set of ports an ideal sample to analyse the evolution of their sustainability levels, particularly during the crisis started in 2008 and onwards. A proprietary methodology based on Multidimensional Synthetic Indices has been used. The comparison of the findings obtained for 2010 and 2015 allows a diagnosis of the evolution of port sustainability measured through the economic, institutional, environmental and social dimensions to be established, as well as a study of the patterns of behaviour that each port has followed in this issue.     

A cluster analysis of cyclists in Europe: common patterns,behaviours, and attitudes

Transportation - This study uses cluster analysis on a sample of regular cyclists from six European countries (the U.K., the Netherlands, Sweden, Hungary, Italy, and Spain) to shed light on common...     

Factors contributing to bicycle–motorised vehicle collisions: a systematic literature review

Bicycle–motorised vehicle (BMV) collisions account for the majority of the recorded bicyclists’ fatalities and serious injuries. This systematic review intends to examine the main factors contributing to BMV collisions. We performed a comprehensive literature review on Scopus, TRID, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases. Fifty-nine English-language peer-reviewed articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The main factors contributing to BMV collisions identified were classified in accordance with a recently published conceptual framework for road safety. The majority of studies have identified factors related to road users’ behaviour (59.3%) and infrastructure characteristics (57.6%). A minority of studies identified variables related to exposure (40.7%) and vehicles (15.3%) as contributor factors to BMV collisions. A small but significant proportion of studies (20.3%) provided evidence that environmental factors may also play a role, although to a lesser extent, in determining BMV collisions. In addition to the three factors comprised in the applied conceptual framework for road safety, we identified environmental conditions as a category of factors contributing to BMV collisions.