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The Peoples Republic of China, with its great urban populations, is finding it necessary to develop a range of strategies to deal with increasing demand for goods and people movement, increasing motorization and the increasing congestion that results from the increasing travel demand. This paper discusses strategies being adopted in two northern cities, Changchun and Shenyang. Both transit and roadway programs are examined for Changchun. Problems and successes of a new toll road are examined for Shenyang. Sustained infrastructure investment is essential to assure the necessary mobility for economic growth. 相似文献
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Ira Hirschman Claire Mcknight John Pucher Robert E. Paaswell Joseph Berechman 《Transportation》1995,22(2):97-113
In 1992, the authors carried out a statistical analysis of Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA) crossings in New York City, to determine the impact of toll increases on traffic volumes and revenue. Using twelve years of monthly time-series data, we developed a set of multiple regression models that estimated traffic volumes on each TBTA bridge and tunnel as a function of the toll level and other explanatory variables. In most cases, the estimated toll elasticities were negative and much less than 1.0 in absolute value; the median toll elasticity for automobiles was found to be –0.10. Our finding that automobile travel demand is highly inelastic with respect to toll rates is consistent with most previous travel demand studies. 相似文献
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Camille N. Kamga Kyriacos C. Mouskos Robert E. Paaswell 《Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies》2011,19(6):1215-1224
This paper presents results from a research case study that examined the distribution of travel time of origin–destination (OD) pairs on a transportation network under incident conditions. Using a transportation simulation dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model, incident on a transportation network is executed under normal conditions, incident conditions without traveler information availability, and incident conditions assuming that users had perfect knowledge of the incident conditions and could select paths to avoid the incident location. The results suggest that incidents have a different impact on different OD pairs. The results confirm that an effective traveler information system has the potential to ease the impacts of incident conditions network wide. Yet it is also important to note that the use of information may detriment some OD pairs while benefiting other OD pairs. The methodology demonstrated in this paper provides insights into the usefulness of embedding a fully calibrated DTA model into the analysis tools of a traffic management and information center. 相似文献
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Investment in transportation infrastructure is generally regarded as an effective means for inducing economic growth and employment in a region. However, the ability of such investments to achieve these objectives, to a large extent, depends on the degree to which travel results from these investments support or conflict with present travel patterns and needs in this region. Using this view as a basis, this paper analyzes travel conditions and choices in the Bronx New York, where large scale transportation and other development projects (commonly called the Bronx Center Project) are presently taking place. Using a large data base, composed of census tract information on socio-economic and travel behavior, the paper first examines the travel profile of the Bronx population, by estimating travel choice elasticities. On the basis of these elasticities it then assesses the impact of the Bronx Center Project on travel patterns and trends. 相似文献
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Robert E. Paaswell 《Transportation》1973,2(4):351-371
An examination of current population statistics shows that in the U.S. more than half of the population is without immediate access to a car, and in the U.K. more than three-fifths of the population is without access to a car. This phenomenon has been accentuated by national investment in both countries in major highway programs. The term carless refers to more than just households that own no cars. It extends, in households with cars to those without licenses (old and young), the handicapped, and even the licensed drivers who have no access to the family car when it is in use elsewhere (e.g. at work). The most severely effected are those in urban areas and especially the urban poor. Transportation expenses are limited for the poor when other family expenditures (food, shelter) take a high priority. Once the work trip has been satisfied, money for other trips, for the poor, is not always available. One solution to cost-free travel is pedestrianism (walking), but this too is difficult in urban areas where the pedestrian has been overlooked in favor of the car. Solutions to problems of the carless include dial-a-ride, better public transit, and better design of urban form. 相似文献
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Role of the built environment on mode choice decisions: additional evidence on the impact of density 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Density is a key component in the recent surge of mixed-use neighborhood developments. Empirical research has shown an inconsistent
picture on the impact of density. In particular, it is unclear whether it is the density or the variables that go long with
density that affect people’s travel behavior. Many existing studies on density neglect confounding factors, for example, residential
self-selection, generalized travel cost, accessibility, and access to transit stations. In addition, most still use a single
trip as their observation unit, even though trip chaining is well recognized. The goal of this paper is to assess the role
of density in affecting mode choice decisions in home-based work tours, while controlling for confounding factors. Using the
dataset collected in the New York Metropolitan Region, we estimated a simultaneous two-equation system comprising two mutually
interacting dependent variables: car ownership and the propensity to use auto. The results confirm the role of density after
controlling for the confounding factors; in particular, employment density at work exerts more influence than residential
density at home. The study also demonstrates the importance of using tour as the analysis unit in mode choice decisions. The
study advances the field by analyzing the role of the built environment on home-based work tours. New knowledge is obtained
in the relative contribution of density vs. a set of correlated factors, including generalized travel cost, accessibility,
and access to transit stations.
Cynthia Chen is an Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering at City College of New York. Her research expertise and interests are residential location and activity and travel choices and human’s interaction with the environment. Hongmian Gong is an Associate Professor in Geography at Hunter College of the City University of New York. Her research interests are urban geography, urban transportation, and urban GIS. Robert Paaswell is currently Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering and Director of the University Transportation Research Center at the City College of New York. He currently serves on several NY MTA Commissions. 相似文献
Robert PaaswellEmail: |
Cynthia Chen is an Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering at City College of New York. Her research expertise and interests are residential location and activity and travel choices and human’s interaction with the environment. Hongmian Gong is an Associate Professor in Geography at Hunter College of the City University of New York. Her research interests are urban geography, urban transportation, and urban GIS. Robert Paaswell is currently Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering and Director of the University Transportation Research Center at the City College of New York. He currently serves on several NY MTA Commissions. 相似文献
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