DYNATEST 5051 RSP道路激光平整度仪测试原理及参数标定方法

介绍了DYNATEST 5051 RSP道路激光平整度仪测试基本原理,选择路段测试了该设备数据测试的重复性和设备工作的稳定性,并将其设备测试结果与精密水准仪测试换算结果IRI进行了回归分析,得到了良好的测试效果和较高的相关关系,为该设备准确、快速地应用到路面的平整度检测评价提供了依据。     

Characteristic flow patterns generated by macrozoobenthic structures

A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a bottom scanning laser, was used for detailed, non-intrusive flow measurements (at 2 cm s^− 1 and 10 cm s^− 1) around solitary biogenic structures, combined with high-resolution mapping of the structure shape and position. The structures were replicates of typical macrozoobenthic species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight and with a presumed influence on both, the near-bed current regime and sediment transport dynamics: a worm tube, a snail shell, a mussel, a sand mound, a pit, and a cross-stream track furrow. The flow was considerably altered locally by the different protruding structures (worm tube, snail, mussel and mound). They reduced the horizontal approach velocity by 72% to 79% in the wake zone at about 1–2 cm height, and the flow was deflected around the structures with vertical and lateral velocities of up to 10% and 20% of the free-stream velocity respectively in a region adjacent to the structures. The resulting flow separation (at flow Reynolds number of about 4000 and 20,000 respectively) divided an outer deflection region from an inner region with characteristic vortices and the wake region. All protruding structures showed this general pattern, but also produced individual characteristics. Conversely, the depressions (track and pit) only had a weak influence on the local boundary layer flow, combined with a considerable flow reduction within their cavities (between 29% and 53% of the free-stream velocity). A longitudinal vortex formed, below which a stagnant space was found. The average height affected by the structure-related mass flow rate deficit for the two velocities was 1.6 cm and 1.3 cm respectively (80% of height and 64%) for the protruding structures and 0.6 cm and 0.9 cm (90% and 127% of depth) for the depressions. Marine benthic soft-bottom macrozoobenthos species are expected to benefit from the flow modifications they induce, particularly in terms of food particle capture due to altered particle pathways and residence times, but also for the exchange of gases, solutes and spawn. The present results confirm previous studies on flow interaction effects of various biogenic structures, and they add a deeper level of detail for a better understanding of the fine-scale effects.     

Investigating effects of asphalt pavement conditions on traffic accidents in Tennessee based on the pavement management system (PMS)

Pavement maintenance is essential for ensuring good riding quality and avoiding traffic congestion, air pollution, and accidents. Improving road safety is one of the most important objectives for pavement management systems. This study utilized the Tennessee Pavement Management System (PMS) and Accident History Database (AHD) to investigate the relationship between accident frequency and pavement distress variables. Focusing on four urban interstates with asphalt pavements, divided median types, and 55 mph speed limits, 21 Negative Binomial Regression models were developed for predicting various types of traffic accident frequencies based on different pavement condition variables, including rut depth (RD), International Roughness Index (IRI), and Present Serviceability Index (PSI). The modeling results indicated that the RD models did not perform well, except for predicting accidents at night and accidents under rain weather conditions; whereas, IRI and PSI were always significant prediction variables in all types of accident models. Comparing the models goodness‐of‐fit results, it was found that the PSI models had a better performance in crash frequency prediction than the RD models and IRI models. This study suggests that the PSI accident prediction models should be considered as a comprehensive approach to integrate the highway safety factors into the pavement management system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

影响沥青混凝土路面平整度的因素及质量控制

从路基（路槽）、垫层、基层、到路面面层。每一层都必须控制平整度。从沥青砼拌和站、运料车、沥青砼摊铺和碾压,到沥青砼纵横缝接茬,掌握每个环节的关键问题。分析影响因素,控制施工全过程,保证沥青砼路面的平整度。     

高速公路沥青路面摊铺的分析与探讨

随着高速公路通车里程的不断增加,如何提高高速公路的施工质量成为重要的研究课题。基于某公路沥青路面的施工实践,通过对路面平整度、密实度、离析率的控制,对如何铺就高质量的沥青路面做了详细的分析与探讨。实际施工情况表明,通过改进施工工艺,路面效果明显改善。     

车辆噪声与城市道路路面平整度关系的试验研究

主要研究了城市道路平整度可能对机动车辆噪声级产生的影响。采用IRI作为道路平整度的计量单位,并在上海的一些城市道路上组织了沥青路面和水泥路面两类试验。首先,在满足试验条件的道路上进行平整度的量测;其次,在试验道路的测点上采集车辆以特定速度驶过的最大噪声级。通过对试验数据的分析,发现车辆以相同速度行驶在平整度不同的城市道路上时,其噪声级是不同的,而且随着平整度指数的增加,机动车辆噪声级也呈上升趋势,因此城市道路平整度确实会对机动车辆噪声级产生影响。在20~50 km/h速度范围内,对于平整度相同的水泥路面和沥青路面,前者的车辆匀速行驶噪声要高于后者。     

山区河流卵石滩航道整治技术研究

以虎山滩航道成功整治为例,论述了该浅滩河床演变特点、整治参数确定、整治原则及措施,卵石推移质动床模型设计及选沙,简要介绍了通过模型试验所获得的良好整治效果。     

沥青路面不平整的原因及处理措施

分析了路面不平整产生的原因,并提出施工中应采取的相应对策及处理措施.     

路面平整度对小汽车噪声的影响研究

噪声作为交通环境污染的主要类型之一,正呈现出越来越严重的趋势。国内外大量研究表明,车辆在城市道路上行驶时产生的噪声主要有动力噪声和轮胎噪声两部分。而平整度对这两部分噪声的噪声源都有重要的影响。本文主要研究的是城市道路中路面的平整度对小汽车的噪声产生的综合影响。结果表明,在正常行驶时(不固定排档),平整度与噪声间有明显的线性关系。这一结果使得交通噪声的预测精度得到了一定的提高。     

微弧氧化膜在小型汽油机铝合金气缸体上的应用

在含有PO43-、CO32-、SiO32-的溶液中制备铝合金气缸体微弧氧化膜层,通过SEM观察膜层的表面微观形貌、由试车检验不同膜层疏松层状态的运行状态,结果表明:铝合金气缸体氧化膜的疏松层对缸体发动机的试车运行有关键影响.对氧化层的疏松组织进行机械加工时,氧化层粗糙度较好,发动机运转正常,能完成120h耐久试验;氧化层粗糙度较差,会造成发动机积碳、容易拉缸.