利用钢轮托车辅助盾构机过站施工技术

针对地铁盾构法施工中盾构机通过满足过站要求的已完工车站进行二次始发这一常见施工环节,介绍一种通过钢轮托车辅助盾构机空载推进实现过站需要的施工技术及相应施工要点,如盾构机过站的施工工艺流程,钢板、钢轮拖车及轨道的铺设等。论述了利用钢轮拖车辅助盾构机过站施工技术采取的质量控制、安全措施及环保措施,分析了采用该技术的经济、社会和环境效益。     

全挂车轮转向装置设计

全挂车转向装置分为轴转向和轮转向两种形式，由于轮转向两种形式。由于轮转向装置转向角度小，制造工艺复杂。成本高，一般较少应用。便全挂车采用轮转向装置可降低车厢地板高度，且其机动性较轴转向全挂列车好，推导了轮转向传动连杆机构的解析关系式及优化设计目标函数和约束条件，并给出了相应算例。     

A closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems

This paper presents a closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs) with active trailer steering (ATS) systems. AHVs have poor manoeuvrability at low speeds and exhibit low lateral stability at high speeds. From the design point of view, there exists a trade-off relationship between AHVs’ manoeuvrability and stability. For example, fewer articulation points and longer wheelbases will improve high-speed lateral stability, but they will degrade low-speed manoeuvrability. To tackle this conflicting design problem, a systematic method is proposed for the design of AHVs with ATS systems. In order to evaluate vehicle performance measures under a well-defined testing manoeuvre, a driver model is introduced and it ‘drivers’ the vehicle model to follow a prescribed route at a given speed. Considering the interactions between the mechanical trailer and the ATS system, the proposed design method simultaneously optimises the active design variables of the controllers and passive design variables of the trailer in a single design loop (SDL). Through the design optimisation of an ATS system for an AHV with a truck and a drawbar trailer combination, this SDL method is compared against a published two design loop method. The benchmark investigation shows that the former can determine better trade-off design solutions than those derived by the latter. This SDL method provides an effective approach to automatically implement the design synthesis of AHVs with ATS systems.     

电站拖车前桥轴头处断裂故障分析与处理

介绍了一起电站拖车轴头断裂故障分析,指出电站拖车在转移过程中应特别注意行车安全问题。     

车架结构柔性对组合挂车最大爬坡角的影响

为了研究车架的结构柔性对组合挂车爬坡性能的影响,建立了车架的几何模型并且运用ANSYS软件对其进行了有限元分析,计算结果表明结构柔性很大程度提高了组合挂车的爬坡性能。     

采用电磁制动器的拖挂式房车制动力分析研究

从法规对拖挂式车辆制动力的要求出发,首次建立了采用电磁制动器的拖挂式房车制动力模型,通过改变电磁制动器电磁体通电电流,来实现对房车制动力大小的调节.得出了电磁制动器电磁体通电电流的合理控制范围,并对分析结果进行了试验验证.试验结果表明,制动器制动力模型正确、理论分析合理.为进一步研究主、房车制动力大小匹配,提高拖挂式车辆的制动稳定性,提供了重要依据.     

双堆双取双通过尾车的开发

结合华能沁北电厂尾车改造工程,开发了能够同时进行来料双向堆料、来料双向通过、取料双向运送的真正意义上的全功能尾车。本文阐述了开发设计中的关键点及注意事项。     

甩挂运输促进节能减排的作用机制与实证分析

为验证甩挂运输的节能减排效果,从理论角度分析了甩挂运输促进节能减排的作用机理,提出甩挂运输可以通过减少空驶、提高里程利用率、提高燃油效率、利用智能调度技术等手段减少碳排放,同时基于首批甩挂运输试点项目和运行分析系统数据,对甩挂模式和单车模式下的运输效率和碳排放数据进行了对比分析。试点项目的数据对比分析结果表明：与传统的单车运输模式相比,甩挂运输大大提高了车辆运行效率,每吨公里运输成本降低了10%~20%,每百吨公里燃油消耗则降低了10%~30%,首批共节约燃油约12.66万t、减少碳排放约34.56万t。尽管不同甩挂模式的减排机理不同,但节能减排效果均十分显著,可见全面推广甩挂运输将成为推动我国道路运输业向高效、绿色、低碳方向发展的重要抓手。     

基于元胞自动机的拖挂车弯道转弯模型及仿真

根据拖挂车在弯道行驶的受力情况,推导出在车辆正常行驶和发生甩尾情况下车轮的行驶轨迹;并设计了状态感知向量及分量取值条件,以便驾驶员能对当前交通状况和外界环境的感知作出相应地加速、减速和转向等决策;在此基础上建立了基于元胞自动机的重型拖挂车弯道转弯模型。设计了一组特定环境下转弯路段的交通流仿真实验,仿真结果表明该模型能够对存在拖挂车较多的弯道设计参数进行检验和修正的有效性和可行性。     

Optimal tank-trailer routing using the ILOG constraint programming – a Taiwan case study

Abstract

This paper investigates the routing of pressurized tank trailers and proposes a scheduling plan which ensures the practical delivery of industrial gases under the objective of reducing transportation costs. Using constraint programming, we solve a combinatorial optimization problem that incorporates both hard and soft constraints for routing and scheduling tank trailers. Hard constraints are resource and safety/regulation constraints, whereas soft constraints are utilization and efficiency constraints. This approach enables tank-trailer routing and scheduling management to consider different combinations of parameters and view the results in ‘real-time.’ The routing and scheduling results based on a case study in Taiwan fulfil the goals of avoiding risks associated with transporting industrial gases, and attaining efficient delivery while conforming to regulations and consistent with good business practice. The results also suggest that significant economies in distribution costs are possible.