烟台—大连海底真空管道高铁线路方案研究

为早日建成跨越渤海海峡的快速通道,首先,介绍科学的比选方案,并提出海底真空管道高铁概念,分析其优缺点;然后,根据 渤海海峡海况与地形地质特征,建立通道范围内烟台—大连间A、B、C、D 4 条可能路径的平面线路走向和纵断面模型;最后,通过线 路方案比选研究,得出以下结论: 1)海底高架、沉管铺设或海底浅埋是较为经济、理想的方式,优于海底隧道; 2)A 线全长约110 km,经由海域最深处88 m,50%以上线路需要按海底隧道真空管道方式建设; 3)B 线全长约106 km,海底平缓,最深处67 m; 4)C 线全长约134 km,最深处66 m,自然纵坡小; 5)D 线全长约173 km,最深处51 m。建议将B 线、C 线作为海底真空管道高铁线路重 点方案予以论证和考虑。     

渤海海峡跨海通道“南桥北隧”方案初步研究

为了进一步推动渤海海峡跨海通道的规划与兴建,对其跨越方案进行了初步研究。通过分析渤海海峡地形、地貌、地质、气候、海洋、环境等基本建设条件,提出了采用"南桥北隧"的组合方案,即海峡北部采用海底隧道,南部利用中途各岛屿建设跨海大桥。运用Google Earth地理信息软件,获取沿线岛屿及海底的地形数据,绘制沿线地层纵剖面图,结合沿线岛屿和水深特点,对隧道埋深和桥梁线路进行布设和方案构想,给出各种方案的总长度。最后提出下一步需要研究解决的问题及相关建议。     

Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters

Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and SiO₃²⁻) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail.     

The importance of estuarine gravitational circulation in the early life of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn

Estuaries along the southern shore of the Bohai Sea are the major habitat of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn (Penaeus chinensis). Since the 80's, however, many of the rivers have been dammed. Field observations, as well as laterally integrated 2-D numerical experiments, were conducted to understand both the role of estuarine gravitational circulation and the impact of the damming of the rivers on the early life of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn.For a river with runoff, especially for small discharge, the gravitational circulation tends to transport the planktonic larvae in their metamorphosis phase near the river mouth where condition is favorable for survival. The gravitational circulation inside the estuary tends to transport the mysis phase larvae towards the upstream end of the estuary when the most part of the larvae suspended in the bottom layer, and it transports the post larvae to the low salinity near upstream side of the estuary when the larvae become benthic, if the larvae enter the estuary.Damming causes long periods of zero runoff in the river, resulting in the alteration of the estuarine circulation and in the change of the estuarine environment. In addition, excess evaporation may prematurely transport the planktonic larvae into the estuary. On the other hand, sudden release of a large volume of freshwater from behind the dam may exert undesirable stress on the larvae.     

我国隧道及地下工程发展现状与展望

分析我国隧道及地下工程的现状,包括铁路隧道、公路隧道、地铁隧道、水工隧洞、市政隧道和地下能源洞库等。总结近年来我国隧道及地下工程在各个方面的技术发展与创新,包括:勘测与地质预报、设计方面、施工方面、防灾救灾与通风照明、风险控制与运营管理、防水排水新材料与新工艺应用等方面。重点对施工技术方面的技术发展与创新进行了较为详细的阐述,包括:浅埋暗挖技术,盾构、TBM装备与施工技术,单护盾TBM,敞开式TBM,矩形顶管技术,盾构始发、到达零覆土技术,岩溶隧道处理技术,高地应力隧道变形控制及岩爆处理技术,钻爆法机械化作业线,瓦斯隧道问题,沉管隧道技术等。最后,对我国隧道及地下工程的发展进行展望,认为:特长隧道将成为我国隧道建设的"新常态",地铁工程将持续发展,城市铁路将逐步地下化,城市地下公路会悄然兴起,城市排蓄水工程深层隧道方案值得推广,地下空间开发利用与地下管廊工程将由原来的"单点建设、单一功能、单独运转"转化为"统一规划、多功能集成、规模化建设"的新模式,地下能源洞库将成为必然,南水北调西线工程值得期待,三大海峡通道的建设势在必行,互联互通的国际通道建设其隧道工程将会很多,也会遇到诸多挑战。总之,我国隧道及地下工程事业将会有更大的进步和更为广阔的发展空间。     

舵前轮缘泵喷推进器的转子轴承力研究

为研究新型的舵前轮缘泵喷推进器的减振降噪效果,采用结构化网格和基于SST k-ω模型的DES模型,对舵前轮缘泵喷推进器的非定常水动力进行了计算,总结了该新型推进器的轴承力特性.先通过采用不同的边界层厚度和网格数量进行计算,总结得到了合适的数值计算方法.再通过分析舵对常规泵喷推进器的转子盘面流场和转子轴承力的影响,证明了...     

摩托车和轻便摩托车轮辋标准解析

新标准QC/T 71—2009《摩托车和轻便摩托车轮辋》与日本工业标准JIS D4215—1995《二轮摩托车用轮辋》相比,仍保留了永久变形量的要求;新标准轮辋径向强度试验方法更合理,比日本标准更先进。新摩托车轮辋标准符合我国国情,标准所规定的几何尺寸要求与原标准一样;外观要求中漆膜要求也与原标准一致;镀层、氧化膜层给出了具体要求一般企业都能达到;标准新增的条母孔、气门嘴孔要求一般企业都能达到。应该说新摩托车轮辋标准是可行的。     

浅谈国内重卡制动鼓失效的原因

本文首先描述了目前国内制动鼓存在的龟裂、掉底、断裂的失效模式,接着从制动鼓材质、组织、配合、工况及使用方面对其失效进行原因分析并归纳整理。     

基于熵权TOPSIS法的港口物流竞争力评价研究

在竞争日益激烈的港口业中,港口物流已成为各大港口竞争的一个重要突破点,港口物流竞争力的强弱对港口的发展以及港口城市乃至地区经济的发展都具有很大的影响。基于对港口物流资源的分析,从港口自然地理环境、港口基础设施条件、港口物流发展规模、港口城市综合实力4个方面构建了港口物流竞争力评价指标体系,采用熵权TOPSIS法对环渤海港口群中7个亿吨大港的港口物流竞争力进行了科学评价,并对其竞争态势做出了分析。研究结果表明,环渤海港口群港口物流竞争力水平悬殊,各港口应合理准确定位,通过错位发展和协同合作等方式谋求共赢。     

关于渤海湾危险货物滚装运输的探讨

文中分析了渤海湾危险货物滚装运输发展的现状，论述了制约危险货物滚装运输的主要因素，提出了相应的改进建议和加强监督管理的措施