芜湖港煤炭码头皮带机控制系统研究

结合芜湖港煤炭码头皮带机联锁控制系统的设计,在阐述整个系统的工艺流程的基础上,研究了系统的控制方式,实现了基于软启动的多条皮带机启动与控制,并且各条皮带机之间相互联锁.     

欧美摩托车认证综述

由于我国的标准法规体系与欧洲的法规体系相似,技术要求相同,因此国内摩托车产品在进行E-mark认证时,困难不是很大;但美国EPA/DOT的认证法规标准体系与国内和欧洲完全不同,排放、噪声、制动等项目的测量方法存在根本上的差别,加上美国的诚信体制和严格的召回制度,这些都增加了美国认证的难度.     

摩托车EPA认证实战指南（1）

摩托车产品出口一旦出现质量问题,制造商将会面临高额罚款、产品召回等严厉的处罚,使企业蒙受巨大经济损失,同时也给＂中国制造＂带来负面影响。建议中国摩托车出口企业重视出口产品质量,尤其要达到美国排放、安全法规的技术要求。在认证申请阶段认真地进行EPA排放认证试验,加强与EPA、检测实验室、进口商等机构的联系和沟通,在生产中严格保证产品的一致性和排放法规的符合性,按照EPA要求递交相关资料,并持续关注美国对车辆管理相关法案的调整和变化。     

通用小型汽油机EPA认证策略研究

作为生产企业而言,取得美国EPA的认证证书仅仅是EPA认证的第一步,之后还必须按照美国EPA排放法规的要求,对取得美国EPA证书的发动机系列进行生产线抽查检测(PLT试验),完成季度报告、年度报告后向EPA汇报,EPA负责审核相应的报告并决定该企业是否继续保持EPA认证证书。     

基于EPA脱硫控制系统的研究

本文阐述了一种新型的现场总线技术EPA,并把EPA应用于脱硫控制系统,介绍了控制系统的组成,同时采用神经网络模型的GPC控制方法来实现对吸收塔内浆液PH值的控制。     

Are we successful in reducing vehicle miles traveled in air quality nonattainment areas?

An important planning and policy question in the transportation, energy, and environment areas is whether or not air quality control and the associated funding preference and mitigation efforts to attain air quality conformity have indeed led to traveler behavior changes such as reduction in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or VMT growth rates. In this research, we develop statistical models to analyze the relationship between air quality nonattainment designation and VMT between 1966 and 2004 based on observed data. These models employ different statistical methods, including hypothesis testing and simultaneous equations. Findings from these statistical models and datasets are consistent, and suggest there is a statistically significant negative correlation between nonattainment designation and VMT/VMT growth. For instance, the simultaneous equation model in this research, suggests that if a nonattainment area and an attainment area that are similar in all other aspects (population composition, socio-economics, urbanization, fuel price, vehicle stock, etc.) are compared, the VMT in the nonattainment area will be 1.80% less than that in the attainment area in the short run, and 7.61% less in the long run. While these results show strong statistical evidence that efforts in reducing VMT in nonattainment areas have been successful, future research should be conducted to attribute the VMT reduction effects to specific policy instruments for decision-making (e.g. the Congestion Management and Air Quality Improvement program, the conformity regulation in the transportation planning process, etc.).     

Advancing Coastal Habitat Resiliency Through Landscape-Scale Assessment

Coastal areas are among the most biologically rich regions in the world. They provide tremendous benefit to people through ecological services like pollution filtration, carbon sequestration, and storm protection. However, human activity has decreased the ability of ecosystems to provide these services, and in many coastal areas, restoration is not as effective as it could be. Limited success is largely attributed to vague goals and a lack of holistic, science-informed planning. Quantifying coastal habitat health can aid in setting better restoration goals and lead to greater restoration success. The Long Island Sound Study National Estuary Program conducted the first comprehensive look at coastal habitat health for the Long Island Sound Estuary. In this study we also reviewed landscape-scale habitat assessment progress within other coastal programs. Results can be applied to establish ecosystem health-oriented goals that improve habitat function and resilience across coastal areas.     

Implications of driving style and road grade for accurate vehicle activity data and emissions estimates

Real-world vehicle operating mode data (2.5 million 1 Hz records), collected by instrumenting the vehicles of 82 volunteer drivers with OBD datalogger and GPS while they drove their routine travel routes, were analyzed to quantify vehicle emissions estimate errors due to road grade and driving style in rural, hilly Vermont. Data were collected in winter and summer for MY 1996 and newer passenger cars and trucks only. EPA MOVES2010b was used to estimate running exhaust emissions associated with measured vehicle activity. Changes in vehicle specific power (VSP) and MOVES operating mode (OpMode) due to proper accounting for real-world road grade indicated emission rate errors between 10% and 48%, depending on pollutant, chiefly because grade-related changes in VSP could shift activity by as many as six OpModes, depending on road type. The correct MOVES OpMode assignment was made only 33–55% of the time when road grade was not included in the VSP calculation. Driving style of individual drivers was difficult to assess due to unknown traffic operations data, but the largest differences between individual drivers were observed on rural restricted roads, where traffic conditions and control have minimal impact. The results suggest the importance of (1) measuring and incorporating real-world road grade in order to correctly assign MOVES emission rates; and (2) developing a driving style typology to account for differences in the MOVES emissions estimates due to driver variability.     

Limitation of egg production in Calanus finmarchicus in the field: A stoichiometric analysis

The egg production of marine copepods correlates with a range of variables, including the availability of organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 20:5(n−3) (EPA) and 22:6(n−3) (DHA). However, an understanding of which substrates limit egg production in the natural environment has yet to be reached. The quantities of C, N, EPA and DHA ingested, derived from parental biomass, and invested in eggs by female Calanus finmarchicus during a 5-day incubation experiment were examined using stoichiometric theory to determine which substrate was limiting. The majority of each substrate was derived from parental biomass, and therefore the existing stoichiometric theory is developed to include this route of supply. The females were essentially devoid of lipid reserves, as evidenced by the lack of the storage fatty acids 20:1(n−9) and 22:1(n−11), and carbon limitation was predicted under most of the scenarios examined. Nitrogen limitation was only apparent when carbon and nitrogen utilisation efficiencies were assumed to be high (0.5) and low (0.4) respectively. PUFAs were assumed to be utilised with high efficiency (0.9), and were never predicted to limit production. This work highlights the need for a more detailed understanding of the maintenance requirements that marine copepods have for C, N, EPA, and DHA and hence the efficiencies with these substrates can be utilised for growth.     

通用小型汽油机美国EPA与欧洲排放计算差异分析

分析美国EPA通机排放法规(EPA40CFRPART90)与欧洲关于通用小型汽油机排放的指令(Directive2002-88-EC)中推荐的计算方法之间的差异及其对排放数据的影响。