应用新型涂料、促进绿色造船

推广应用有机硅低表面能防污涂料、水性涂料、厚浆型涂料、通用底漆,降低甚至消除船舶涂料中有害物质对人和环境负面影响,减少有机废料的产生,节省各种资源的消耗,促进绿色造船的发展。     

重载列车有线电控空气制动系统的研究

重载列车在制动时,由于列车前后部制动力不一致而产生巨大的车钩力和剧烈的纵向冲动,极易造成列车断钩和脱轨事故。研究利用电力线作为通信介质,采用网络控制系统和每辆车作为一个网络节点,结合我国货车120空气制动机,实现有线电控空气制动。研究表明:由电控空气制动系统(ECP系统)控制列车制动,列车中所有车辆的制动和缓解动作几乎同步进行,全部车辆制动缸开始升、降压的时间差在0.2 s以内;在网络条件允许的范围内,装有ECP系统的车辆制动和缓解的同步性不受列车编组辆数的影响,各车辆制动缸的升压、降压曲线形状几乎相同;车辆制动缸压力的控制精度达到制动命令要求值的±20 kPa。由于ECP系统实现了对列车制动和缓解的同步控制,能够保证长大重载列车安全运行。     

船舶压载舱的牺牲阳极保护

论述了船舶压载舱产生腐蚀的原因、防腐蚀保护的方法。介绍了中国船级社有关牺牲阳极阴极保护的原则规定、设计要求、安装要求、定期检查项目。最后,将腐蚀的舱壁采用涂装或牺牲阳极阴极保护两种方法进行了经济效益对比分析,得出安装牺牲阳极阴极保护的经济效益显著的结论。     

基于蠕滑机理的重载货车车轮磨耗研究

在多体动力学分析软件包SIMPACK中建立重载货车动力学模型,基于轮轨蠕滑机理在MATLAB软件中编制车轮踏面磨耗仿真程序WWS.根据车轮磨耗仿真结果和现场实测结果对Zobory磨耗模型进行修正.研究车辆非理想状态对车轮磨耗的影响,分析轮轨型面和转向架结构对车辆非理想状态的适应性.通过钢轨表面滚动接触疲劳损伤特征的研究,对车轮滚动接触疲劳和磨耗耦合关系进行数值模拟.主要研究内容和结论如下.     

重载铁路四线高墩大跨连续刚构设计研究

兴保铁路安家山河大桥为重载铁路四线桥,为跨越安家山河而设,主桥采用(80+130+80) m连续刚构,桥高达94 m。该桥面临多线、高墩、大跨等复杂问题,需对结构尺寸优化、主墩墩型比选、墩梁结合部位、中跨合龙顶力、施工阶段安全稳定性等方面开展研究。通过分析得出结论,中支点梁高采用9.2 m,跨中梁高采用4.8 m,梁部的刚度及强度均满足规范要求,整体指标较好;主墩采用空心墩与双薄壁墩组合,在保证足够刚度的前提下,有效降低刚度差;墩梁结合部位采用固结方式,节省大吨位支座及后期维修养护。经局部分析,梁体应力状态较合理;中跨合龙顶推力采用4 000 kN,改善了后期桥墩的受力及线形;主墩在梁体最大悬臂施工状态下安全性较好。     

重载货车制动系统的研究

介绍北美重载货车制动系统及我国既有货车制动系统概况,主要分析对重载货车的制动距离、重载货车制动系统应解决的关键问题,并探讨重载货车制动系统研究方向。     

我国重型车用汽油机排放现状分析及试验方法

对我国实施重型车用汽油机排放标准后的部分典型机型的排放做了统计和相关分析；比较了国内外重型汽油机排放标准和试验方法。通过对化油器机型和电喷加三效催化机型的排放测试结果的分析，论及我国重型汽油机的排放控制技术路线，提出了在用重型化油器车的污染治理和控制问题。最后，针对我国现行9工况标准的试验限值和试验方法提出了一些观点。     

军用半挂汽车列车的现状和发展趋势

介绍了国内外军用半挂汽车列车的发展现状,根据军用半挂汽车列车的运载对象和使用环境,分析了其性能特点、关键技术和发展趋势.     

Particulate matter concentrations and heavy metal contamination levels in the railway transport system of Sydney,Australia

Sampling campaign was conducted over six weeks to determine particulate matter (PM) concentrations from Sydney Trains airport line (T2) at both underground and ground levels using DustTrak. Dust samples were collected and analysed for 12 metals (Fe, Ca, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Al, Co, Ni, Ba and Na) by atomic emission spectroscopy. Average underground PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations from inside the trains were 2.8 and 2.5 times greater than at ground level. Similarly, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations on underground platforms were 2.7 and 2.5 times greater than ground level platforms. Average underground PM concentrations exceeded the national air quality standards for both PM₁₀ (50 µg/m³) and PM_2.5 (25 µg/m³). Correlation analysis showed a strong to moderate association between PM concentrations at ground level and background PM concentrations (r² from 0.952 to 0.500). The findings suggested that underground PM concentrations were less influenced by the ambient background than at ground level. The metal concentrations decreased in the order of Fe, Cr, Ca, Al, Na, Ba, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and Pb. The pollution index (PI) and enrichment factor (EF) values were calculated to identify the levels and sources of contamination in the underground railway microenvironments. PM was remarkably rich in Fe with a mean concentration of 73.51 mg/g and EF of 61.31, followed by Ni and Cr. These results noticeably indicated a high level of metal contamination in the underground environments, with the principal contribution from track abrasion and wear processes.     

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) in urban and port areas were evaluated through a dedicated investigation. The HDV fleet composition and traffic driving from highways to the maritime port of Genoa and crossing the city were analysed. Typical urban trips linking highway exits to port gates and HDV mission profiles within the port area were defined. A validation was performed through on-board instrumentation to record HDV instantaneous speeds in urban and port zones. A statistical procedure enabled the building-up of representative speed patterns. High contrasts and specific driving conditions were observed in the port area. Representative speed profiles were then used to simulate fuel consumption and emissions for HDVs, using the Passenger car and Heavy duty Emission Model (PHEM). Complementary estimations were derived from Copert and HBEFA methodologies, allowing the comparison of different calculation approaches and scales. Finally, PHEM was implemented to assess the performances of EGR or SCR systems for NO_X reduction in urban driving and at very low speeds.The method and results of the investigation are presented. Fuel consumption and pollutant emission estimation through different methodologies are discussed, as well as the necessity of characterizing very local driving conditions for appropriate assessment.