基于无人机的高层住宅最后“一百米”配送优化

针对城市高层住宅顾客对上门配送服务的需求，借助无人机停放平台，考虑包裹异质性以及无人机在不同配送阶段的精确能耗，构建以无人机飞行成本和能耗成本最小为目标，以无人机容量、电池组容量等为约束的高层住宅无人机上门配送模型，解决“垂直位置最后一百米配送”问题。基于此模型，设计带变邻域下降(VND)搜索的混合蚁群算法(HACO-VND)，引入4个算子进行变邻域下降搜索，为了提高算法的求解性能，提出两种局部搜索算子组合，根据顾客点数量使用不同的算子组合。实验结果表明，HACO-VND算法较CPLEX在求解精度与求解时间方面更优，特别是在大中型算例中表现出较佳性能。参数分析表明，高层住宅楼层数越多，无人机单次 飞行的能耗利用率越大，无人机容量与电池组容量共同对配送方案产生影响。为以后无人机送货上门服务方面的研究提供参考和思路。     

京津冀地区燃料电池汽车示范运行研究

本文在跟踪调研北京和张家口地区示范运营的燃料电池汽车的基础上,采集车辆的运营数据,完成了车辆运营里程、加氢量、百公里耗氢量、加氢次数、故障信息等数据指标的统计和分析对比,针对示范运营过程中存在的问题提出建议,论文研究结果在一定程度上概括和反映了2019年度京津冀地区燃料电池汽车的示范运营情况。     

考虑高铁客运产品间交叉弹性的动态票价策略

将由特定高铁列车所提供的起讫点间的旅客运输服务定义为单个高铁客运产品。随着高速铁路越来越"公交化",同一起讫点间客运产品间的可替代性越来越强,票价的调整有了更精细化的要求。用经济学中的交叉弹性理论描述客运产品间的可替代程度,用指数需求函数描述客运产品的需求与票价的关系,构建并求解高铁动态票价优化模型,对客运产品间不同可替代程度下的最优动态票价策略进行研究。结果显示:高铁客运产品间的可替代性会影响票价策略的选择,且客运产品间可替代程度的增加是否有利于客票收益的提高与可行折扣票价集合的选取有关。     

货车自动驾驶技术及标准法规发展分析

目前,自动驾驶技术在乘用车领域已获得突破性发展;为提高通行效率和出行安全起到了极大的作用。自动驾驶技术在商用车领域的应用,有望较好解决高昂的人力成本和难以提高的效率等问题。然而,目前自动驾驶技术在货车的应用大多采用跟乘用车同样的标准进行规范,这在实际应用中存在着诸多的问题;例如,在FCW和AEB功能中货车在相同车速的制动距离要远大于乘用车,而其所采用标准规定的碰撞预警时间却并无多大不同,这在实际场景中存在着较大的安全隐患[1,2]。此外,货车质量和体积较大,且较多应用于长途运输,运输过程中会经历包括高温、严寒、山区等多种复杂气候场景,这些都将对货车自动驾驶技术在车辆制动效能、能耗以及多场景应用等方面提出更有针对性规范的要求。本文针对货车的应用场景特点,为其自动驾驶技术应用标准化提出了建议。     

大连市常规公交规划思路探讨

城市常规公交系统建设是贯彻公交优先、促进高质量发展的关键。本文从分析大连市常规公交发展现状和面临问题入手,结合城市交通发展趋势,提出常规公交发展目标,在此基础上探讨了新时期常规公交规划要从公交网络、规划目标、服务模式、技术方法等四方面转变思路,强化两网融合和以人为本的思想,增强常规公交的吸引力,促进城市高质量发展。     

面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化

考虑网联自动驾驶车辆(Connected Autonomous Vehicle, CAV)应用先进的车联网与自动驾驶技术，可以采用智能交叉口的组织形式，大幅提升交叉口的通行效率，为降低CAV与人工驾驶车辆(Human-driven Vehicle, HV)混行条件下城市交通系统的整体出行成本，提出智能交叉口在城 市交通网络中的布局优化问题，建立数学优化模型并求解。首先，基于对两类车辆行驶特性的分析，建立混合用户均衡模型，描述CAV与HV的路径选择行为；其次，从交通规划者的角度，以系统最优为目标，整合混合用户均衡模型，建立面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化模型，并利用改进的遗传算法求解；最后，选取Sioux-Falls交通网络作为案例分析，验证模型与算法的有效性，并研究CAV渗透率变化对优化结果的影响。研究表明，智能交叉口在城市路网中的合理规划极大地提高了新型混行场景下城市交通系统的出行效率，同时，大幅降低了由于网联自动 驾驶单方面技术优势带来的CAV与HV的出行效率差距，增进了出行公平性。     

预制综合管廊接头抗剪性能与等效模拟方法

预制管廊接头力学性能及设计方法研究尚属于起步阶段,理论尚不成熟,对接头受力性能的认识尚不清晰。为研究预制管廊接头的抗剪性能及影响因素,基于福建省平潭预制拼装综合管廊工程,以典型的双舱和三舱预制拼装综合管廊结构为例,采用PLAXIS 3D岩土有限元程序建立预制管廊接头精细化三维数值模型,深入分析管廊接头的抗剪性能及影响因素,并提出合理实用的管廊接头等效模拟方法。研究结果表明,不设置剪力键时接头的极限总剪力降低了11.1%,设置剪力键能够明显地改善接头的抗剪性能;接头剪切强度和剪切刚度均与预应力基本呈线性关系;采用等效界面模型可以比较合理地模拟剪力键接头的抗剪力学行为。     

基于改进TOPSIS的城市客运综合交通枢纽评价

城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案的优劣对城市综合交通系统的建设发展具有重大影响。为了提高城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案评价的客观性和准确性,结合城市客运综合交通枢纽客流衔接换乘的系统分析,从多维角度出发构建了城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案评价的多层次指标体系,在遵循方案评价基本原理及城市客运综合交通枢纽特点的基础上,提出了基于改进逼近理想点排序法的评价方法,用于城市客运综合交通枢纽方案的评价,建立城市客运综合交通枢纽综合评价模型。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

Online channel strategies under different offline channel power structures for the Belt and Road of China

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures.