基于聚类站点客流公共特征的轨道交通车站精细分类

已有城市轨道交通车站分类多基于定性分析，不能满足精细化设计和运营的需要。本文提出一种基于聚类站点公共特征的站点精细分类方法。首先，将来源于AFC(Automatic Fare Collection)的进站客流量数据处理为时间序列数据，并基于K-Means++算法对各个站点的客流量进行聚类；其次，建立客流量聚类结果与土地利用特征多维参数的拟合方程，计算获得居住密集型、工作就业型以及区域中心型等5种大类站点的客流量公共特征。在此基础上，充分考虑属于同一大类站点不同站点的细分特性，使用5类客流量公共特征比重组合精细描述具体站点类型。 实例结果表明，使用本文提出的精细分类方法计算得到的每个站的客流量拟合值与真实客流值间的平均绝对百分比误差控制在14%以内，说明该分类方法具有可行性。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

中间轴驱动装置固定对弹性悬挂式机车动力学性能的影响

为防止弹性悬挂式机车中间轴驱动装置横向位移过大,发生碰撞,提出了端轴驱动装置弹性悬挂、中间轴驱动装置固定连接的方式。利用多体动力学软件SIMPACK建立整车动力学模型,对比分析驱动装置悬挂方式对机车动力学性能的影响,认为采用这种悬挂方式是合理可行的。     

Using longitudinal methods for analysis of a short-term transportation demonstration project

This paper documents an application of panel, or longitudinal data collection in the evaluation of a TSM (Transportation Systems Management) demonstration project. The project was a four-week demonstration of staggered work hours in downtown Honolulu during February–March 1988. The 4 wave panel survey elicited commuting experiences of approximately 2,000 downtown employees at two week intervals before and during the project. The sample involved both employees who participated in the project by shifting their work hours, and those who did not. The panel survey was augmented by floating-car observations of travel times on major routes into downtown Honolulu on the same four dates.The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether employee commute times were affected, and if so, how these changes were distributed among various employee segments. Two methods were used. First, travel time changes were estimated using paired t-tests. Second, regression equations were used to estimate project time savings as a function of trip length, route, and location of residence. Results show that travel time savings due to the project were typically small, less than ten percent. Nonparticipants experienced greater savings than participants, and some segments of participants experienced longer travel times during the project. The panel method proved to be an effective way to measure project travel time impacts and shows that the method is appropriate in short time applications.Presented at the Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, January 7–11. 1990, Washington, D.C.     

宜万铁路宜昌长江大桥主桥创新技术研究

宜万铁路宜昌长江大桥主桥采用(130 2×275 130)m连续刚构柔性拱组合结构,桥型方案为铁路桥梁首次采用,设计中针对结构构造、受力、施工等特点,采用了多项技术创新,包括桥梁结构、构造和材料等方面。     

带空间管系的船舶水泵机组隔振浮筏性能研究

基于船舶水泵机组隔振浮筏这种多挠动源的系统,探讨了浮筏装置所具有的特性以及隔振设计技术.利用有限元法数值模拟了隔振系统忽略和计及管系下的两种模型,综合分析了空间管系对浮筏隔振系统隔振性能的影响,并就管路和机组间刚性连接和多种弹性连接下系统隔振性能作了对比分析.分析结果表明,空间管系减弱了系统的隔振性能,在动力设备和管路间使用挠性接管等弹性连接可大大减小管系的影响.文中探讨了水泵机组的隔振设计技术以及为了提高隔振性能而应注意的若干方面.     

国内外城市轨道站点区域联动 开发规划与实施案例分析

城市轨道站点与周边土地的联动开发是实现二者协调发展的关键因素之一,对城市经济和交通都具有积 极作用。对国内外城市轨道站点区域联动开发进行总结分析有助于指导中国轨道站点区域的联动开发。从产权和 城市经济学视角,将轨道站点联动开发分为内外联动和上下联动两类,并进行了相关界定。分别结合日本联动开 发政策以及涩谷站数据、上海联动开发政策和打浦桥站区域数据,对内外联动和上下联动的规划和实施途径及其 在中国的适用性进行了分析。最后,参考更多经典的联动开发案例,对比分析了国内外城市轨道站点区域联动开 发的实施机制及特征;并从政策和规划设计两个角度深入阐述对中国联动开发的启示。研究结果表明,中国可采 用“政府统筹、市场执行”的模式;根据中国土地所有制度,探索“集约换使用权”“整体出让使用权”等多样 化的土地管理模式,有利于成本分担和收益共享的反哺策略;制定配套且细化的技术规范,进行立体化、多样化、 一体化衔接设计。     

矩形土压平衡式顶管在广州地铁工程中的应用

通过广州地铁6号线东湖站矩形土压式顶管法应用实例,介绍矩形土压平衡式顶管机构造特点、工艺原理、关键工序、控制要点、施工测量及监测等,并就顶管施工应注意的问题及预防措施提出建议。     

我国铁路能源利用效率和节能减排分析研究

铁路是我国综合运输体系的骨干,对社会经济的发展具有基础支撑作用。通过铁路、公路、民航和水运等交通运输方式能耗的比较,铁路单位换算周转量能耗较低（仅比水运高）;通过分析全路机车牵引综合能耗情况、以及往年内燃机车、电力机车能耗情况,说明了铁路牵引动力结构的变化使铁路能源利用效率得到了提高,发展铁路运输对于改善交通运输业的能源结构及能源使用效率将起到积极的推动作用;铁路借助其在能效方面的比较优势,通过替代其他运输方式以及自身能效的提高从而达到节能减排的目的,对实现我国低碳经济做出了重大的贡献。     

动车组拖车轮对振动性能分析

建立了多刚体和刚柔体耦合的高速动车组拖车整车动力学模型,通过对多种工况的数值计算,获得随机激扰下轴箱垂向加速度时间历程,结果表明车辆在高速运行时,随速度的提高,刚、弹性轮对的轴箱垂向加速度偏差增大;结合高速线路实测数据进行对比分析,弹性体轮对的结果与实测结果更吻合。