Study and Development of the Biped Ice Skating Robot with Passive Wheels

A new passive wheel type of biped ice-skating robot(BISR)which was able to imitate human skating motion was developed. Firstly, the characteristics of two types of human skating gait were introduced; secondly, after simplifying the kinematical model, the BISR's motion principle was presented; then the construction and control system of BISR were proposed; at last, the skating experiment of the BISR in a symmetric gait mode was conducted and some conclusions were drawn.     

The use of gait parameters to evaluate pedestrian behavior at scramble phase signalized intersections

Pedestrian scramble phasing is usually implemented to reduce pedestrian‐vehicle conflicts and therefore increase the safety of the intersection. However, to adequately determine the benefits of scramble phasing, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians react to such an unconventional design. This study investigates changes in pedestrian crossing behavior following the implementation of a scramble phase by examining the spatiotemporal gait parameters (step length and step frequency). This detailed microscopic‐level analysis provides insight into changes in pedestrian walking mechanisms as well as the effect of various pedestrian and intersection characteristics. The study uses video data collected at a scramble phase signalized intersection in Oakland, California. Gait parameters were found to be influenced by pedestrian gender, age, group size, crosswalk length, and pedestrian signal indications. Both average step length and walking speed were significantly higher for diagonally crossing pedestrians compared with pedestrians crossing on the conventional crosswalks. Pedestrians were found to have the tendency to increase their step length more than their step frequency to increase walking speed. It was also found that, compared with men, women generally increase their walking speed by increasing their step frequency more than step length. However, when in non‐compliance with signal indications, women increase their walking speed by increasing their step length more than step frequency. It was also found that older pedestrians do not significantly change their walking behavior when in non‐compliance with signal indications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Probabilistic model-based silhouette refinement for gait recognition

An algorithm to refine and clean gait silhouette noises generated by imperfect motion detection techniques is developed,and a relatively complete and high quality silhouette is obtained.The silhouettes are sequentially refined in two levels according to two different probabilistic models.The first level is within-sequence refinement.Each silhouette in a particular sequence is refined by an individual model trained by the gait images from current sequence.The second level is between-sequence refinement.All t...     

两足机器人步态综合研究进展

把两足机器人步态综合方法分为参考轨迹法和自然动力学法两大技术流派.根据参考轨迹获得方法的不同,参考轨迹法又分为步行数据法、中枢模式发生器法和动力学模型法.自然动力学法也可分为被动动力学法和虚拟模型法.在总结两大流派研究进展的基础上,分析了它们各自的优势和不足,指出了今后工作的重点,即参考轨迹法需要提高步行效率和轨迹的生成速度,而自然动力学法需要增加功能.最后分析了强制学习技术在步态综合中应用的适应性和多自由度造成的组合爆炸问题.     

Research on Miniature Hexapod Bio-robot

This paper described the structure and control of a new kind of miniature hexapod bio-robot, analyzed the moving principle of the robot. The robot is based on the principle of bionics, its structure is simple, design novel, unique. It can move forwards and backwards. The external dimensions of bio-robot is： length 30 mm, width 40 mm, height 20 mm, weight 6. 3 g. Some tests about the model robot were made. The experimental results show that the robot has good mobility.     

Developing evasive action‐based indicators for identifying pedestrian conflicts in less organized traffic environments

There has been a growing interest in using surrogate safety measures such as traffic conflicts to analyse road safety from a broader perspective than collision data alone. This growing interest has been aided by recent advances in automated video‐based traffic conflict analysis. The automation enables accurate calculation of various conflict indicators such as time‐to‐collision and post‐encroachment time. These indicators rely on road users getting within specific temporal and spatial proximity from each other and therefore assume that proximity is a surrogate for conflict severity. However, this assumption may not be valid in many driving environments where close interactions between road users are common. The objective of this paper is to investigate the applicability of time proximity conflict indicators for evaluating pedestrian safety in less‐organized traffic environments with a high mix of road users. Several alternative behavioural conflict indicators based on detecting pedestrian evasive actions are recommended to better measure traffic conflicts in such traffic environments. These indicators represent variations in the spatio‐temporal gait parameters (step length, step frequency and walk ratio) immediately before the conflict point. A highly congested shared intersection in Shanghai, China, with frequent pedestrian conflicts is used as a case study. Traffic conflicts are analysed with the use of automated video‐based analysis techniques. The results showed that evasive action‐based indicators have higher potential to identify pedestrian conflicts and measure their severity in high mix less organized traffic environments than time proximity measures such as time‐to‐collision and post‐encroachment time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

痉挛型脑瘫患儿步态的膝-踝关节运动协调性的分析

目的对痉挛型脑瘫患儿与正常儿童步态的膝、踝关节角度变化和膝-踝关节运动协调性进行分析,为痉挛性脑瘫患儿步行能力的评价提供参考。方法利用三维运动捕捉系统采集观察组28例痉挛型脑瘫患儿和对照组24例正常儿童的关节角度数据;利用独立样本均数t检验和一般线性模型分析(GLM)对实验数据进行处理。结果①观察组膝、踝关节活动范围均小于对照组。经t检验,两组膝、踝关节活动范围均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。②经多变量方差分析,两组的步态协调性指数之间有显著性差异(P<0.01);经t检验,两组对应肢体在步态周期各关键点(除右足着地外)的膝-踝关节协调性指数均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论痉挛性脑瘫患儿膝、踝关节活动范围小于正常儿童;步态周期关键点膝-踝关节协调性指数可作为痉挛性脑瘫患儿步行能力的评价指标。     

OPTIMIZATION OF THE BIPED ROBOT GAIT USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

IntroductionThe control of biped walking machines re-mains a challenge due to the high degree of com-plexity,organization,and efficiency required tomaintain balance[1,2 ] .Recently,realizing the dy-namic walking of the biped is of interest to manyresearchers and engineers.One method is to designa kind of gait,then use it as a reference trajectoryfor control. According to the deviation betweenthe Zero Moment Point(ZMP) and the center ofshape ofthe supporting area,a kind of optimal gaithas be…     

Model-based gait representation via spatial point reconstruction

This paper proposed a novel model-based feature representation method to characterize human walking properties for individual recognition by gait. First, a new spatial point reconstruction approach is proposed to recover the coordinates of 3D points from 2D images by the related coordinate conversion factor (CCF). The images are captured by a monocular camera. Second, the human body is represented by a connected three-stick model. Then the parameters of the body model are recovered by the method of projective geometry using the related CCF. Finally, the gait feature composed of those parameters is defined, and it is proved by experiments that those features can partially avoid the influence of viewing angles between the optical axis of the camera and walking direction of the subject. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60675024)