就地热再生沥青混合料均匀性的细观评价指标

就地热再生能直接在现场一次性完成路面修复，但因其材料组成和施工工艺复杂等极易出现混合料不均匀问题，为解决此问题，尝试从集料入手，对就地热再生沥青混合料均匀性的评价指标进行研究。首先，采用数码相机获取就地热再生沥青混合料试件截面的数字图像，基于数字图像处理技术识别截面中所有新旧集料的细观结构；然后，采用环扇分割法将截面分成36个等面积区域，基于区域集料颗粒面积比和新集料颗粒偏离度分别提出集料均匀性评价指标D和新集料均匀性评价指标H；最后，通过改变RAP加热温度、RAP拌和时间、新沥青混合料拌和温度与新旧料混合时间4个因素，进行正交试验，进一步分析均匀性指标的变化规律和可靠性。结果表明：环形分区结合OTSU阈值分割方法可准确识别沥青混合料截面图像中的集料信息，保留绿色通道的方法可有效识别不同灰度值的新旧集料；对试件截面均匀性的定性分析初步验证了这2个均匀性指标的有效性；RAP加热温度与新沥青混合料拌和温度对D影响显著，RAP加热温度和新旧料混合时间对H影响显著；而且，随着RAP加热温度、新沥青混合料温度和新旧料混合时间的增加，就地热再生混合料的均匀性变好，这与以往的研究结论相一致，进一步验证了这2个均匀性评价指标的可靠性。     

水泥稳定碎石基层裂缝预防技术探讨

针对水泥稳定碎石基层裂缝问题,从提高材料均质性、减少离析、改善结构层之间黏结状况入手,结合河北沿海高速公路实体工程探讨了预防水泥稳定基层裂缝的技术措施,工程应用结果表明,所采取措施是可行有效的。     

超磁致伸缩作动器的磁路设计与仿真分析

从超磁致伸缩作动器(GMA)的结构和基本原理入手,通过对偏置磁场和GMM棒的设计,完成GMA的磁路设计。通过Ansys仿真,重点研究作动器外壳材料对磁路的影响以及磁轭材料的磁导率对磁场均匀度的影响。仿真分析结果表明:当采用圆筒形永磁铁来提供偏置磁场时,外壳材料只能选择非导磁材料;增加磁轭材料的相对磁导率,能够增大作动器的磁场强度,提高驱动磁场的均匀度。     

基于全距离完全度量聚类的交通运输能耗区域划分

对全国进行区域划分,是研究大范围、有地域特征交通运输能耗问题的基础.首先以行政区域为单位,建立了交通运输业发展、交通能源消耗、社会经济发展三大类交通运输能耗综合指标体系.在确定省市间距离和邻接关系矩阵后,生成本文研究区域的交通运输能耗邻接关系网络图,依据邻接关系及全距离完全度量方法,建立研究区域的交通运输能源消耗省域间最小生成树.以研究区域总同质度最大为目标对最小生成树进行截断,划分了 5个交通运输能源消耗区域,分析了各个区域的交通能耗特点,提出了初步的政策建议.     

Effects of low speed limits on freeway traffic flow

Recent years have seen a renewed interest in Variable Speed Limit (VSL) strategies. New opportunities for VSL as a freeway metering mechanism or a homogenization scheme to reduce speed differences and lane changing maneuvers are being explored. This paper examines both the macroscopic and microscopic effects of different speed limits on a traffic stream, especially when adopting low speed limits. To that end, data from a VSL experiment carried out on a freeway in Spain are used. Data include vehicle counts, speeds and occupancy per lane, as well as lane changing rates for three days, each with a different fixed speed limit (80 km/h, 60 km/h, and 40 km/h). Results reveal some of the mechanisms through which VSL affects traffic performance, specifically the flow and speed distribution across lanes, as well as the ensuing lane changing maneuvers. It is confirmed that the lower the speed limit, the higher the occupancy to achieve a given flow. This result has been observed even for relatively high flows and low speed limits. For instance, a stable flow of 1942 veh/h/lane has been measured with the 40 km/h speed limit in force. The corresponding occupancy was 33%, doubling the typical occupancy for this flow in the absence of speed limits. This means that VSL strategies aiming to restrict the mainline flow on a freeway by using low speed limits will need to be applied carefully, avoiding conditions as the ones presented here, where speed limits have a reduced ability to limit flows. On the other hand, VSL strategies trying to get the most from the increased vehicle storage capacity of freeways under low speed limits might be rather promising. Additionally, results show that lower speed limits increase the speed differences across lanes for moderate demands. This, in turn, also increases the lane changing rate. This means that VSL strategies aiming to homogenize traffic and reduce lane changing activity might not be successful when adopting such low speed limits. In contrast, lower speed limits widen the range of flows under uniform lane flow distributions, so that, even for moderate to low demands, the under-utilization of any lane is avoided. These findings are useful for the development of better traffic models that are able to emulate these effects. Moreover, they are crucial for the implementation and assessment of VSL strategies and other traffic control algorithms.     

提高沥青混凝土均匀性的主要措施

沥青混凝土的不均匀性是引起路面破坏的重要原因。鉴于此，探讨了加强对原材料、沥青混凝土拌和厂、运输与施工现场的管理对提高沥青混凝土均匀性的重要意义和具体措施，可供同行参考。     

钢筋混凝土预制梁的均匀性检测方法

在港口工程中钢筋混凝土预制梁的应用很广,由于原材料质量和施工工艺等原因,预制梁常会出现空洞和冷缝等质量问题,因此对预制梁均匀性的控制和检测十分必要。简要介绍混凝土均匀性检测中探地雷达法和超声波法等无损检测方法的工作原理,提出钢筋混凝土预制梁均匀性检测的基本程序,应用于某港口T型钢筋混凝土梁的检测中取得较好效果。     

沥青路面施工工艺与混合料铺层均匀性关系探讨

通过对沥青路面施工工艺各环节和施工设备性能的分析,发现了混合料和铺层的集料均匀性、温度均匀性、压实密度均匀性偏离原混合料设计目标的原因与规律。提出了从完善施工工艺过程与施工设备性能入手,保证混合料均匀性和铺层压实密度均匀性的技术手段。     

广梧高速公路长寿命沥青混凝土路面试验段均匀性研究

基于数字图像处理技术,简述了沥青混合料均匀性的评价方法,并对广梧高速公路长寿命沥青混凝土路面试验段的均匀性进行了定量研究。研究结果表明:试验路段中下面层SAC-20I的均匀性相对较好;上面层SMA-13要比其他非试验段上面层AK-13的均匀性要好。     

沥青混合料均匀性评价研究

沥青混合料的不均匀性问题是引起高速公路沥青路面早期损坏的潜在因素之一。文中对沥青混合料的均匀性测试方法进行了对比研究，指出了各种方法的优缺点，并提出了一些建议。