地铁联络横通道水平冻结施工的热固耦合分析

基于考虑相变的热固耦合理论,采用GEO-SLOPE软件模拟地铁联络横通道水平冻结和开挖施工过程,分析地层温度场和位移场的变化规律。结果表明:隧道冻结帷幕交圈的时间约为26d,但需积极冻结到40d,冻结帷幕平均厚度达到120cm,再经过36d的维护冻结期才可实施开挖;在维护冻结期采用比积极冻结期略高的盐水温度,防止了冻土范围继续扩大,避免了隧道开挖过程中遭遇强度较高的冻土;在进行具体的冻结设计时,应结合地层和隧道轮廓线的特点,设定冻结盐水温度、冻结时间、冻结管间距和冻结管数量等参数;对比分析不同冻结帷幕保护下隧道开挖的地层位移场,结果证明冻结对抑制地层变形具有良好的效果,但需要足够的冻结时间方可将地表变形限制在可接受的范围内。     

高速铁路轨道板沉降与水平偏位机械复位技术

高速铁路的安全运行对轨道的线性要求十分严格,但随着我国高速铁路的大量建设,轨道板沉降现象时有发生。结合郑徐高铁某段路基沉降与水平偏移工程,简单分析位移偏差原因,提出并设计针对高铁无砟轨道板沉降和水平偏位的机械式双向偏位复位体系,体系包括由底座、提升分配梁、提升吊杆、顶升千斤顶组成的竖向提升体系和水平反力支座、水平复位千斤顶组成的水平复位体系两部分。介绍工程中的复位控制单元划分方案和同步位移控制方案,单元划分方案中采用单元重叠、二次加载方法解决了单元相交部位受力影响的难题;位移同步控制采用PLC自动位移同步控制系统。给出该体系实施过程中吊杆提升力、吊杆锚固部位底板冲切承载力、横梁支承部位轨道板局部受压的计算方法,方案在郑徐高铁工程中成功实施,为铁路轨道板偏移复位提供新的技术思路。     

地铁运营阶段隧道水平位移测量实施优化探究

地铁隧道结构稳定与地铁运营安全及舒适性紧密相关,地铁运营阶段的变形监测是确保结构稳定的重要措施。为探究地铁隧道基准点布置复杂情况,如点位破坏、集中布点与基准点距离变化等因素对水平位移监测精度影响,依托南京地铁某保护区的地铁变形监测数据,试算并讨论基准点数量、位置分布等因素与设站点精度间的对应关系,得出基准点数量与仪器测角精度是影响设站点精度的重要因素,并根据定量分析结果,给出地铁水平位移监测在满足精度要求条件下更加优化的实施建议。     

A regression and beam theory based approach for fatigue assessment of containership structures including bending and torsion contributions

Container shipping has been expanding dramatically during the last decade. Due to their special structural characteristics, such as the wide breadth and large hatch openings, horizontal bending and torsion play an important role to the fatigue safety of containerships. In this study the fatigue contributions from vertical bending, horizontal bending and torsion are investigated using full-scale measurements of strain records on two containerships. Further, these contributions are compared to results from direct calculations where a nonlinear 3D panel method is used to compute wave loads in time domain. It is concluded that both bending and torsion have significant impacts on the fatigue assessment of containerships. The stresses caused by these loads could be correctly computed by full-ship finite element analysis. However, this requires large computational effort, since for fatigue assessment purposes the FE analysis needs to be carried out for all encountered sea states and operational conditions with sufficient time steps for each condition. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed to run the structure finite element analysis under only one sea condition for only a few time steps. Then, these results are used to obtain a relationship between wave loads and structural stresses through a linear regression analysis. This relation can be further used to compute stresses for arbitrary sea states and operational conditions using the computed wave loads (bending and torsion moments) as input. Based on this proposed method for structure stress analysis, an efficient procedure is formulated and found to be in very good agreement with the full-ship finite element analysis. In addition it is several orders of magnitude more time efficient for fatigue assessment of containership structures.     

Layout optimization of an inertial energy harvester for miniature underwater mooring platforms

Comprehensive analyses of the layout influence on power performance of a low-frequency miniature horizontal-pendulum-type inertial energy harvester for underwater mooring platforms are presented in this article. The mathematical models are obtained utilizing the Newton-Euler method. The power performance is evaluated by simulations over different parameters, such as damping, excitation frequency, and layout position. Simulation results indicate that the harvester can extract energy from low-frequency excitations over the range of 0.1 Hz–0.4 Hz, and maximum output power can reach to 0.7 W under excitation frequency f = 0.4 Hz. Different layout positions influence the energy harvesting performance of the harvester dramatically. Changing the layout position to positive value can enhance and broaden the power performance. The amplitude responses with different layout positions do not show resonant characteristics, even near the natural frequency of the harvester, due to large amplitude vibrations and strong nonlinear characteristic. As excitation frequency f = 0.4 Hz, there is a zero output power point appears at layout position d = −1.3 m. Moreover, the harnessed power has a quadratic relationship with the layout position value.     

软弱围岩隧道修建新方法——核心土加固变形控制法

2006年我国铁路系统相关施工单位开始接触变形控制法隧道施工技术,经过长达5年的基础理论学习研究与准备,在铁道部和兰渝铁路公司的支持下,2011年由中铁瑞威公司和意大利土力公司联合在兰渝铁路桃树坪隧道进行了中国首次隧道核心土加固变形控制法应用试验研究,并取得成功。文章通过工程实践,对桃树坪隧道的工程概况、地质问题、施工工艺、施工设备及核心土加固控制变形技术的应用效果作了较详细介绍。     

水平旋喷桩施工工艺在深圳地铁施工中的应用

在深圳地铁安托山站—侨香站区间矿山法隧道超前支护施工中,由于采用了水平旋喷桩施工工艺,成功地解决了安-侨区间暗挖隧道在饱和粉细砂层及砾砂层中近距离穿越大断面雨水箱涵及φ500 mm次高压燃气管线的难题,节约了施工成本,充分显示了水平旋喷桩施工工艺在富水砂层浅埋暗挖隧道开挖预支护工程应用上的经济优势。文章论述了水平旋喷桩的工艺机理、适应性、优缺点以及在该工程中的应用效果。     

海洋石油平台余热利用研究

东海某DPP平台投产近十五年后,出现设备老化、工艺系统处理量发生变化等情况,从而透平电站、热油锅炉和工艺处理系统出现余热,如何减少能源浪费,及时有效回收利用,需要及时解决问题。通过对基础资料分析研究、平台生产实地调研,提出余热利用方案,并进行成本投资/回报比较,最终验证了方案的正确性。     

Optimization of horizontal alignment geometry in road design and reconstruction

This paper presents a general formulation for optimization of horizontal road alignment, composed of tangential segments and circular curves suitably connected with transition curves (clothoids). It consists of a constrained optimization problem where the objective function is given by a line integral along the layout. The integrand is a function representing the cost of the road going through each point and, by considering different costs, a wide range of problems can be included in this formulation. To show it, we apply this methodology to three different situations. The two first cases are related with the design of a new road layout and used to solve a pair of academic examples. The third problem deals with the improvement of a road adapting the old path to current legislation, and it is solved taking as case study the reconstruction project for a regional road (NA-601) in the north of Spain.     

富水砂质地层的地铁区间隧道设计

深圳地铁2号线东延段安托山站—侨香站区间隧道顺利通过富水砂质地层的工程实例表明,在复杂地层中采用地面降水、超前预注浆及水平旋喷桩加固等辅助措施是成功的,也是必要的;另外,在隧道下穿次高压燃气管施工中,采用悬吊保护措施也为矿山法隧道施工和管线的绝对安全带来了技术保障。