三维圆柱体绕流数值模拟流场选择及网格划分

文章通过数值模拟结果确定适合的三维圆柱体绕流流场的尺寸,采用不同的计算流体力学(CFD)软件对有限元模型进行网格划分,对比网格划分质量的优劣,选择适合数值模拟的软件CFX。确定采用的网格形式为六面体网格(Hex8)以及流场不同部分网格的尺寸。圆柱绕流展向各截面平均压力系数沿周向无明显变化,脉动压力系数变化显著,绕流后的旋涡发放形式具有明显的三维特性的数值模拟结果验证了本文的流场选择和网格化分尺度的合理性。     

轿车外流场及气动噪声的建模与仿真

汽车高速运行时会产生空气动力学噪声,这对汽车乘坐的舒适性、车内乘客的相互交流都会有十分不利的影响。通过CFD手段,采用大涡模拟方法和Lighthill理论,对汽车外流场进行了计算和声学分析。结果表明,CFD不仅可以提供该车气动噪声特性,而且指出前挡风玻璃与车顶连接处、后视镜的造型、车门把手存在优化可能,这为进一步降低该车的风噪提供方向性指导。     

Investigation of Wall Pressure Fluctuations in a Turbulent Boundary Layer by Large Eddy Simulation

Large eddy simulation (LES) was used to investigate the space-time field of the low Mach number, fully developed turbulent boundary layer on a smooth, rigid flat plate. The wall-pressure field simulated by LES was analyzed to obtain the pressure statistics, including the wall-pressure root-mean square, skewness and flatness factors, which show the wall pressure distribution was not Gaussian. The profile of the auto-power spectral density and the contour of the streamwise wavenumber-frequency spectral density of wall-pressure were plotted. The "convection ridge" can be observed clearly and the convection velocity can be calculated from the location of the convection peak.     

基于大涡模拟的高速列车横风运行安全性研究

结合高速列车空气动力学和多体系统动力学,研究横风对高速列车运行安全性的影响.首先采用大涡模拟计算方法,研究了不同横风风速下高速列车非定常气动载荷的时域及频域特性,列车周围流场结构及相应的非定常流场特性.然后建立高速列车多体系统动力学模型,将得到的气动力作为外加载荷作用于列车上,研究了不同横风风速下定常气动力和非定常气动力对直线上高速列车运行安全性的影响特性,计算结果表明,与定常气动力相比,作用于车身上的非定常气动力使列车的振动加剧.最后参照高速列车的安全运行标准,对高速列车的安全运行进行分析,为横风下高速列车的安全运行提供参考.     

翼/板结合部涡旋流动结构与壁面脉动压力的大涡模拟研究

壁面脉动压力是湍流非定常特性的重要表征,而且是重要的流体动力声源,所以对于脉动压力的研究已经成为流声耦合研究领域的重要课题。文章采用大涡模拟方法结合动态Smagorinsky亚格子涡模型,数值计算了两型翼/板结合部在不同流速下的湍流脉动压力,并展示了结合部马蹄涡流动结构。通过将计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析可知,数值计算方法能准确地预报湍流脉动压力,从而为理解翼/板结合部非定常流动的物理机理奠定了基础。     

单个透水框架的三维数值模拟研究

透水框架因其具有较好的防冲促淤功能,在航道整治中得到了广泛的应用。主要对单个四面六边体透水框架和双工字型透水框架进行三维水流数值模拟,揭示其防冲促淤机理,并对两者之间的差别进行对比分析。结果表明:透水框架通过改变水流的大小和方向及加速水流能量的消耗来促进泥沙的淤积,相对于四面六边体透水框架,双工字型透水框架具有更好的防冲促淤能力。     

Application of large eddy simulation in the performance study of wave blocker

The configuration and aerodynamic performance of the inlet system are important aspects in the process of installing a gas turbine on a naval vessel. Under the requirements, large eddy simulation （LES） is used to simulate the three-dimensional fluid flow in the wave blocker of a marine inlet filter. The Smagorinsky-Lilly sub-grid model was used to model motions of small-scale structures. During numerical simulation, the SIMPLE algorithm was applied. The central-differencing spatial discretization scheme and the second order accuracy finite difference for the temporal discretization were used. Simulation gives satisfactory distribution of the vorticity fields and turbulent kinetic energy. Compared with the k-ε turbulent model, the results of LES are better for the distribution of parameters. The results of experimental study in a small-scale wind tunnel indicate that numerical calculation has higher accuracy. Therefore, the methods used are worthy of reference and introduction for the design of an inlet system.     

Flow Past an Accumulator Unit of an Underwater Energy Storage System:Three Touching Balloons in a Floral Configuration

An LES simulation of flow over an accumulator unit of an underwater compressed air energy storage facility was conducted. The accumulator unit consists of three touching underwater balloons arranged in a floral configuration. The structure of the flow was examined via three dimensional iso surfaces of the Q criterion. Vortical cores were observed on the leeward surface of the balloons. The swirling tube flows generated by these vortical cores were depicted through three dimensional path lines. The flow dynamics were visualized via time series snapshots of two dimensional vorticity contours perpendicular to the flow direction; revealing the turbulent swinging motions of the aforementioned shedding-swirling tube flows. The time history of the hydrodynamic loading was presented in terms of lift and drag coefficients. Drag coefficient of each individual balloon in the floral configuration was smaller than that of a single balloon. It was found that the total drag coefficient of the floral unit of three touching balloons, i.e. summation of the drag coefficients of the balloons, is not too much larger than that of a single balloon whereas it provides three times the storage capacity. In addition to its practical significance in designing appropriate foundation and supports, the instantaneous hydrodynamic loading was used to determine the frequency of the turbulent swirling-swinging motions of the shedding vortex tubes; the Strouhal number was found to be larger than that of a single sphere at the same Reynolds number.     

海洋立管涡激振动的数值模拟研究

利用计算流体力学软件CFX分别对刚性和柔性立管的涡激振动进行了二维数值模拟.首先在雷诺数为200时,采用不同的湍流模型,计算了刚性立管的升力系数(CL)和阻力系数(CD).与其它文献结果的比较表明,大涡模拟(LES)在计算精度上要优于其它湍流模型.然后分别计算了不同约化速度下立管的升、阻力系数、漩涡脱落频率以及无因次振幅,分析了流固耦合对立管涡激振动的影响,得到了升阻力系数随雷诺数的变化规律以及“锁定(Lock-in)”现象发生的约化速度范围.     

整流罩对深海立管水动力影响的数值模拟研究

应用CFD大涡模拟方法,对附有整流罩的深海立管的水动力影响效果进行了三维数值模拟。对不同的弦厚比在雷诺数分别为3 900、10 000和20 000条件下进行模拟分析,得到立管后方阻力系数、升力系数、斯特劳哈尔数及其频谱等特性。模拟结果表明:整流罩对立管升力和阻力有明显的抑制效果,相较于光滑立管,阻力系数均值降幅最大达到24.1%,升力系数均方根值降幅最大达到81.1%。阻力系数均值随弦厚比的增加先减小后趋于平稳升力系数均方根值随弦厚比的增加而增加。对比结果显示,弦厚比为1.2~1.6时,整流罩对立管的升力和阻力抑制效果较好。