基于LQR限宽水域中KVLCC2操纵运动控制研究

在航道宽度受限制的水域中,船舶会受到岸壁效应的影响,横向力与首摇力矩将发生变化,这会对船舶的航行安全产生不利的影响.鉴于此问题,本文应用现代控制理论最优控制LQR方法,对在限制水域中航行的超大型油轮KVLCC2的操纵运动进行控制研究.为便于LQR控制器的设计,采用线性状态空间形式的操纵运动方程,基于数值模拟获取的相应线性水动力系数,计算出使目标函数值最小的增益矩阵K,从而得到满足最优控制规律的时域舵角变化,实现对不同宽度水域中船舶运动的最优控制,并与极点配置控制法作比较,验证LQR控制器的优越性.结果表明,当船岸距离d/L≥1.2时,船舶基本不受岸壁效应的影响,控制幅度极小;当岸壁距离d/L=0.25时,摆舵角度将超过6°,同时船舶前进速度也将下降,下降幅度将超过前进速度的10%,岸壁效应明显.     

7自由度主动悬架整车模型最优控制的研究

应用汽车系统动力学理论,建立了七自由度主动悬架的动力学模型。根据线性二次型最优控制原理设计了主动悬架线性二次型(LQR)控制器,并构建了实现该控制策略的主动悬架控制仿真模型。仿真结果表明:对主动悬架进行最优控制,能够有效地降低车身垂直振动加速度、车身侧倾角加速度和俯仰角加速度。     

Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles’ active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

一种基于卡尔曼滤波器的单级倒立摆的LQR方法

倒立摆的控制因其系统动态模型是非最小相位系统而很难用经典控制算法得到较好的控制效果.提出利用最优控制LQR方法来完成控制.由于利用最优控制,系统状态必须全部已知.考虑到系统噪声和量测噪声,根据分离性原理,利用LQR方法设计控制律,利用卡尔曼状态估计来完成系统状态的重构.仿真结果显示该方法具有良好的控制效果.     

Vehicle rollover avoidance by application of gain-scheduled LQR controllers using state observers

Many researches have been conducted in the area of control applied to vehicle dynamics, aiming at reducing the possibility of the occurrence of the type of accident known as rollover. In this research, based on a common nonlinear model and its linearisation, a method for properly selecting matrices for solving the Riccati equation considering different speeds was proposed. The method showed in which ways speed really influences the choice of controller gains. By developing the dynamic equations for the yaw- and roll-coupled motions and modelling of controllers and state observers, it is possible to compare the efficacy of this control strategy using both linear and nonlinear simulations using Matlab. Significant results were obtained regarding the reduction of the rollover coefficient for a double-lane change manoeuvre at different speeds, thus indicating advantages of using this controller in practical cases.     

建筑结构地震反应的ATMD控制分析

从现代控制理论入手,采用部分状态反馈理论的闭环控制,进行了高层建筑结构抗震的ATMD主动控制分析和方案设计.以某8层建筑为例,进行了地震荷载作用下ATMD控制系统物理参数和控制算法软参数优化分析,得到了ATMD子系统的最优各项物理参数.在此基础上,进行了结构在地震作用下ATMD主动控制的时程分析.计算结果表明,在EI-Centro波作用下,ATMD控制系统使得结构顶层位移和加速度峰值分别减小了30.16%和24.13%,且控制力峰值也较小,为266.08 kN.从而验证了ATMD控制系统的有效性和可行性.     

High-speed optimal steering of a tractor–semitrailer

A high-speed optimal trailer steering controller for a tractor–semitrailer is discussed. A linear model of a tractor–semitrailer with steered trailer axles is described, and an optimal trailer steering controller is introduced. A path-following controller is derived to minimise the path-tracking error in steady-state manoeuvres using active trailer steering. A roll stability controller is introduced by adding the lateral acceleration of trailer centre of gravity as another objective in the steering controller, so as to improve roll stability in transient manoeuvres. A strategy to switch between these two control modes is demonstrated. Simulation results show that the steering controller can ensure good path tracking of articulated vehicles in steady-state manoeuvres and improve roll stability significantly in transient manoeuvres, while maintaining the path-tracking deviation within an acceptable range. Tests with an experimental tractor–semitrailer equipped with a high-bandwidth active steering system validate the controller design and simulation results. The roll stability controller reduces the measured rearward amplification by 27%.     

有源控制的试验研究

建立了铁道车辆1：8比例的半车4自由度横向有源悬挂试验模型，应用LQR控制方法进行了有源悬挂试验研究，并与仿真计算结果进行比较。研究结果表明，有源悬挂方式能有效地衰减振动，尤其是共振点处的振动；有源悬挂与无源悬挂要比，车体横移振幅在高频共振点附近平均降低75%左右；车体侧滚角振幅在高频共振点附近平均降低80%左右；当车体质量大于控制器设计质量时，控制效果比原设计质量的控制器要好，反之要差。     

Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles' active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

加速器磁铁电源PSO-LQR控制器设计与研究

磁铁电源是加速器的重要组成部分.该设计以磁铁电源为控制对象,并提出了基于PSO的磁铁电源LQR控制器的设计.首先,利用现代控制理论建立了磁铁电源的状态空间模型,而后采用粒子群算法对磁铁电源LQR控制器加权矩阵进行了优化,以保证能够为加速器快速地提供所需的磁场.仿真结果表明,该课题所采用的方法能够满足系统输出快速响应的要求,各项指标优于传统方法所得到的结果.