完善我国海难救助报酬分配的几点建议

救助报酬的分配是海难救助制度中一个至关重要的方面。分配方案的合理与否,公正与否直接影响鼓励救助这一目的的实现。分析了我国有关海难救助报酬分配的现状,比较、借鉴有关救助公约和英、美、日等国家国内法,为其完善提出了几点修改建议。     

三峡工程下游引航道通航水流条件试验

三峡工程枢纽泄洪产生水面波动和船闸泄水产生非恒定流,对下游引航道通航条件,尤其是对升船机的运行构成影响。泄洪在口门区及连接段产生的斜流对通航的影响很大,采用斜流的特征值并结合船模航行的斜流效应特征值,有效地分析了口门区及连接段的通航水流条件。采取修改航线措施对改善斜流影响有一定的效果。     

水深平均k—ε紊流模型在大尺度水域中的应用研究

本文利用Patanker求解紊动输运方程标准的SIMPLEC计算程式,对小尺度丁坝绕流进行了模拟计算,取得了与水槽试验一致的流速分布结果。为了探讨大尺度水域紊动量K、ε壁面边界条件的给定,本文将水槽看成是一种比尺模型,将水槽试验流速分布按重力相似和阻力相似准则延伸到大尺度水域,并以此研究k—ε模型模拟大尺度回流的置信水平。计算结果表明通过选择合适的紊动量壁面边界条件,该模型对大尺度回流计算也能取得较好的结果。     

特殊条件下的真空预压密封技术

结合广州港南沙港区二期工程软基处理工程实例,针对在局部有抛石地段的软土采取真空预压方法加固时传统的挖密封沟和施打淤泥搅拌墙技术存在相当大困难的情况,提出了在有抛石地段采取高压旋喷桩密封技术。实测结果表明,采取该技术密封效果良好,真空度能达到设计要求。与堆载方案相比,采取本技术经济效益良好,具有较好的推广价值。     

薄壁箱梁剪滞剪切效应自振特性分析

在推导考虑剪力滞、剪切变形双重效应的单元刚度矩阵与等效结点荷载矩阵的基础上[1],进一步推导出考虑双重效应的单元质量矩阵,从而形成完整的薄壁箱梁考虑双重效应的矩阵分析体系,可方便地纳入矩阵位移法程序系统,为常见的薄壁连续梁等复杂结构的剪力滞效应分析提供一种计算手段。利用自编程序ZLBOX对薄壁箱型简支梁和悬臂梁考虑剪力滞、剪切变形双重效应时的自振特性进行了分析,所得结果与ANSYS实体单元计算结果符合良好。计算结果表明,剪力滞、剪切变形双重效应使薄壁箱梁的自振频率降低,剪力滞效应占双重效应的85%以上,双重效应对高阶频率的影响比低阶频率的影响大。     

辽东湾北部浅水区海冰对航行的影响及对策

辽东湾北部浅水区有许多石油开发区块,由于水浅有冰等因素,使在现有的破冰船和冰区航行技术条件下的航行十分困难。分沿岸冻结区、滩涂堆积区和流冰区等不同区带讨论辽东湾北部海冰存在特征以及海冰对航行的影响,并根据海冰存在特点和海域工程的具体特性提出相应的对策。     

Distribution of suspended sediment in the coastal sea off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth: observation from TM data

Remote sensing technique was applied to estimate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and to understand transportation, distribution and deposition of suspended sediment in the estuary and throughout the coastal sea, off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth. During low river discharge period, zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the estuary near the shore. SSC map shows that maximum SSC reaches 1050 mg/l in this period. Magnitude of SSC is mainly owing to resuspension of the bottom surface sediments induced by tidal currents flowing over shallow water depths. The influence of depth on resuspension is farther revealed from the distribution and magnitude of SSC along the head of Swatch of No Ground (SNG) submarine canyon. During high river discharge period, huge river outflow pushed the salt wedge and flashes away the suspended sediments in the coastal sea off the river mouth. Zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the coastal water approximately within 5–10 m depth of water, where the maximum SSC reaches 1700 mg/l. In this period, huge fluvial input of the suspended sediments including the resuspended bottom sediments and the particles remaining in suspension for longer period of time since their initial entry control mainly the magnitude of SSC. In the estuary near the shore, seasonal variation in the magnitude of SSC is not evident. In the coastal sea (>5 m water depth), seasonal influence in the magnitude of SSC could be concluded from the discrepancy between SSC values of two different seasons. Transportation and deposition of suspended sediments also experiences seasonal variations. At present, suspended sediments are being accumulated on the shallow shelf (between 5 and 10 m water depth) in low discharge period and on the mid-shelf (between 10 and 75 m water depth) during high discharge period. An empirical (exponential) relationship was found between gradual settle down of suspended sediments in the coastal sea and its lateral distance from the turbidity maximum.     

分层多次高压注浆技术在挡土墙加固中的应用

分层多次高压注浆预应力技术的各种参数选定和计算方法的提出和推广，弥补了现有规范的不足。不仅仅适用于失稳加筋土挡土墙的加固，作为预应力锚固理论的创新和发展，对其他同类工程亦有借鉴意义。     

广州地铁三号线洛溪车辆段出入段线设计方案及能力分析

研究目的:地铁车辆段出入段线设计方案对地铁运营效率和成本有重大影响,广州地铁三号线在国内首次采用了3/6辆灵活编组替换运营的全新运营模式,对车辆段的出入段能力提出了更高的要求。对车辆段出入段线方案进行优化和能力分析研究不仅对广州地铁三号线车辆段设计具有重要意义,也可供其他地铁车辆段设计借鉴和参考。研究方法:通过对广州地铁三号线车辆段出入段线设计方案的比较分析,以及对推荐方案出入段能力的计算分析,研究设计方案的合理性和适应性。研究结论:在广州地铁三号线的用地和站段位置等限制条件下,经过优化的设计方案具备较强的优越性,能够满足三号线新运营模式的要求。     

Species of Thaumatomastix (Thaumatomastigidae, Protista incertae sedis) from the Arctic sea ice biota (North-East Water Polynya, NE Greenland)

The sea ice biota of polar regions contains numerous heterotrophic flagellates very few of which have been properly identified. The whole mount technique for transmission electron microscopy enables the identification of loricate and scaly forms. A survey of Arctic ice samples (North-East Water Polynya, NE Greenland) revealed the presence of ca. 12 taxa belonging to the phagotrophic genus Thaumatomastix (Protista incertae sedis). Species of Thaumatomastix possess siliceous body scales and one naked and one scale-covered flagellum. The presence in both Arctic samples and sea ice material previously examined from the Antarctic indicates that this genus is most likely ubiquitous in polar sea ice and may be an important component in sea ice biota microbial activities.