舰船电磁环境特性研究

在对舰船电磁环境进行系统分类之后,总结并分析了目前舰船平台上可测量和控制的电磁环境参量,并根据舰船总体电磁兼容设计和测试经验研究了主要用于表征舰船电磁环境特性的物理量及其试验测试方法.     

船舶液力耦合器的人工神经网络的数学建模

从船舶动力装置动态建模与仿真的实际需求，引出了其主要部件之一的液力耦合器数学建模在稳／动态特性研究中的重要性，以及利用其试验曲线(输入特性形式)作为数据源去构建准稳态数学模型的困难之处：寻找一种通用的数学表达形式，以实现①液力耦合器在额定工况及其附近的试验曲线的内插与外廷；②过渡工况液力耦合器数学模型的设计(如液力耦合器接合和脱开过程其滑差从100％向额定滑差值方向的变化)。本文介绍了人工神经网络方法在液力耦合器动态建模中的应用。文章先介绍了其数学建模的思路和要点：①选择人工神经网络算法(包括传递函数)与结构(人工神经网络隐含层数目和神经元个数)；②提高人工神经网络泛化能力的措施；③利用专业知识扩充人工神经网络训练用的数据样本。然后叙述了其数学模型在某船舶动力装置稳态、动态特性计算机仿真研究中的某些有意义的结果：①正常航行(四机双桨)稳态工况时各车令下液力耦合器的滑差；②不同螺旋桨螺距下的液力耦合器接合过程的滑差变化；③怠速→前进五的急加速过程的滑差变化。     

灰色层次分析法在舰船中水回用方案优选中的应用

[目的]为解决舰船中水回用方案优选过程中决策影响因素多,且因素无法完全被量化和排序的问题,有必要建立科学合理的方案优选评估模型。[方法]基于灰色层次分析法及德尔菲法构建舰船中水回用方案评价指标体系的层次化结构,采用白化权函数的灰色评估方法对各评估要素进行量化,开展不同方案的综合评估。[结果]分析及计算结果表明,采用灰色层次分析法得出的综合评估结果合理,层次总排序的一致性检验满足指标要求。[结论]灰色层次分析法可以在专家评判的基础上,综合采纳各方面的意见,降低评判的随意性和主观性,提高方案选取的科学性和合理性,适用于对舰船中水回用的多方案、多目标系统设计进行优选决策。     

基于小波和仿射不变矩特征融合的舰船型号识别

针对不变矩对仿射形变目标描述的不足,为提高舰船型号的识别精度,提出一种基于小波和仿射不变矩特征融合的舰船型号识别方法.首先对二值舰船图像进行归一化处理,并分别提取归一化舰船图像的小波矩特征值和仿射不变矩特征值;然后通过计算样本特征均值与标准差的比值,选择出鲁棒性好、稳定性高的特征,通过归一化方法进行融合;最后构造五类舰船的样本集,采用支持向量机(SVM)作为分类器识别测试样本的型号,分析不同矩特征、样本集大小、SVM参数、本文方法对识别精度、稳定性的影响.实验结果表明,文中给出的算法提高了识别精度,并且在训练样本集较小时仍能获得88%以上的识别率.     

Optimal bus fleet management strategy for emissions reduction

Transportation is a major cause for environmental degradation via exhaust emissions. For many transit-oriented metropolitan areas, bus trips often constitute a sizeable mode share. Managing the bus fleet, in particular updating buses to comply with the newer emissions standards, therefore, can have a substantial impact on transportation-induced air quality. This paper presents the approach of remaining life additional benefit–cost (RLABC) analysis for maximising the total net benefit by either early-retiring or retrofitting the current bus fleet within their lifespans. By referring to the net benefits for different bus types estimated by RLABC analysis, the most beneficial management scheme for the current bus fleet can be identified. Optimal bus fleet management (BFM) models based on the RLABC analysis for the operator and the government are developed. Then a government subsidy plan is produced to achieve win–win solutions, which will offer efficient and flexible management schemes. To illustrate the approach, the largest bus company in Hong Kong, which carries more than 23% of the total trips in Hong Kong, is taken as a case study example. Instead of adopting a fixed retirement plan, such as replacing buses at the age of 17 as is currently practised, the proposed method develops an optimal BFM scheme that progressively phases out buses or retrofits them. This study produces promising results to demonstrate the large benefit of this approach for optimal bus fleet management.     

Shared autonomous electric vehicle (SAEV) operations across the Austin,Texas network with charging infrastructure decisions

Shared autonomous vehicles, or SAVs, have attracted significant public and private interest because of their opportunity to simplify vehicle access, avoid parking costs, reduce fleet size, and, ultimately, save many travelers time and money. One way to extend these benefits is through an electric vehicle (EV) fleet. EVs are especially suited for this heavy usage due to their lower energy costs and reduced maintenance needs. As the price of EV batteries continues to fall, charging facilities become more convenient, and renewable energy sources grow in market share, EVs will become more economically and environmentally competitive with conventionally fueled vehicles. EVs are limited by their distance range and charge times, so these are important factors when considering operations of a large, electric SAV (SAEV) fleet.This study simulated performance characteristics of SAEV fleets serving travelers across the Austin, Texas 6-county region. The simulation works in sync with the agent-based simulator MATSim, with SAEV modeling as a new mode. Charging stations are placed, as needed, to serve all trips requested (under 75 km or 47 miles in length) over 30 days of initial model runs. Simulation of distinctive fleet sizes requiring different charge times and exhibiting different ranges, suggests that the number of station locations depends almost wholly on vehicle range. Reducing charge times does lower fleet response times (to trip requests), but increasing fleet size improves response times the most. Increasing range above 175 km (109 miles) does not appear to improve response times for this region and trips originating in the urban core are served the quickest. Unoccupied travel accounted for 19.6% of SAEV mileage on average, with driving to charging stations accounting for 31.5% of this empty-vehicle mileage. This study found that there appears to be a limit on how much response time can be improved through decreasing charge times or increasing vehicle range.     

Robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem and the extension to the tail assignment problem

In this paper, we study two closely related airline planning problems: the robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem (RWAMRP) and the tail assignment problem (TAP). In real life operations, the RWAMRP solution is used in tactical planning whereas the TAP solution is implemented in operational planning. The main objective of these two problems is to minimize the total expected propagated delay (EPD) of the aircraft routes. To formulate the RWAMRP, we propose a novel weekly line-of-flights (LOF) network model that can handle complex and nonlinear cost functions of EPD. Because the number of LOFs grows exponentially with the number of flights to be scheduled, we propose a two-stage column generation approach to efficiently solve large-scale real-life RWAMRPs. Because the EPD of an LOF is highly nonlinear and can be very time-consuming to accurately compute, we propose three lower bounds on the EPD to solve the pricing subproblem of the column generation. Our approach is tested on eight real-life test instances. The computational results show that the proposed approach provides very tight LP relaxation (within 0.6% of optimal solutions) and solves the test case with more than 6000 flights per week in less than three hours. We also investigate the solutions obtained by our approach over 500 simulated realizations. The simulation results demonstrate that, in all eight test instances, our solutions result in less EPDs than those obtained from traditional methods. We then extend our model and solution approach to solve realistically simulated TAP instances.     

现代海战场复杂电磁环境对舰船的影响分析及对策

复杂电磁环境已经成为现代海战场的重要特征和突出表现。论文介绍了海战场复杂电磁环境的构成、基本特征、干扰电磁信号的性质、以及影响等,旨在认识复杂电磁环境,掌握其特点规律,并采取相应的措施和应对之策。     

基于维修的舰船装备自然寿命评估

维修影响舰船装备的可靠性,最终影响装备的寿命。本文从维修的角度对舰船装备进行寿命分析,讨论维修后装备故障率的变化规律,引入Nakagawa的故障率递增因子,分析多部件舰船装备维修后的故障率变化情况;根据装备规定的使用可靠性要求,确定基于维修情况下装备的自然寿命。