连云港海相软土基本特性与处理方法探讨

根据连云港地区多条高速公路工程的地质资料,并与我国部分沿海地区软土进行对比,分析连云港海相软土的基本物理力学指标统计特征、抗剪强度特性、固结变形特性以及蠕变特性,并介绍了适合于该海相软土的主要地基处理措施。     

基于高速铁路软土路基固结沉降有限元分析

利用大型有限元软件ABAQUS,结合工程实例分析了软土路基分步修筑固结沉降的变形特性。计算结果表明:在路基分步填筑过程中,填土加载引起内部孔隙急剧变化,水体流失产生附加应力导致路基沉降。因此,施工中通过控制填土的速度来减小路基沉降是提高路基修筑质量的一个重要手段。同时,该标段结合实际情况,采用旋喷桩和土工栅格的加固方法,通过路基施工后沉降观测数据来看,效果明显。     

排水固结下卧层固结度简化计算

提出竖井未打穿软土地基下卧层固结度简化计算方法。将竖井地基划分为竖井打设区和下卧层两个部分,竖井打设区采用轴对称固结理论,而下卧层采用太沙基一维固结理论,两部分在渗透面上满足孔压连续条件。对一算例分别采用简化方法、精确解法及已有近似解法进行了固结分析,表明简化方法与精确解法结果较为接近,满足工程精度。由于该解答为显式解,工程应用较为方便。     

浅层软土地基处理新技术的探讨

针对部分软基地区修建公路,土地资源匮乏,沿线建筑材料短缺的情况,采用传统的软基处理技术代价很高的问题,提出新型固化土软基处理新技术,以适应修建低路堤的要求。     

长大明挖隧道回填土堆载预压研究

堆载预压是处理软弱地基的一种有效方法,可以加快软弱地基的固结沉降。为了研究在明洞回填土地段采用堆载预压加快固结沉降的可行性,以京张高铁东花园隧道为工程背景,通过有限元软件对结构覆土进行验算,得出不同衬砌类型明洞所能承受的最大覆土厚度,利用改进高木俊介法对明洞回填土堆载预压进行计算,得出不同堆载高度下回填土的固结度。研究结果表明:(1)在堆载条件下,回填土的固结度随着覆土厚度的增大而呈幂函数形式减小,且固结度受堆载高度的影响不大。(2)在相同的覆土条件下,堆载高度对保留土高度影响较小;(3)堆载预压可以加快明洞回填土的固结沉降,是一个比较可行的方案。     

Sediment physical properties of the DYNAS study area

Physical properties of the deposits in the DYNAS study area, the Mecklenburg Bay, were investigated using sediment echosounders and laboratory analysis were carried out on undisturbed short sediment cores. Wet bulk densities of about 1.2 g/cm³ for mud and up to 1.9 g/cm³ for silty sand were found in surface sediments of the Mecklenburg Bay. Sediment density–depth functions were approximated by logarithmic regression functions at different depth intervals. Sediment consolidation was studied by both (i) consolidation tests of sediment samples and (ii) from the void ratio–overburden pressure relation in natural sediments. Low shear strength values of 9–71 Pa were measured at the mud surface. Downcore, a depth gradient of about 14.5 Pa/cm was calculated. Sediments with high silt and sand contents are characterized by shear strength values of up to 3000 Pa. Published formulas derived from erosion studies were used to calculate the critical shear stress using wet bulk density and shear strength. The obtained results demonstrate clearly, that there is still a wide gap in knowledge about the relationships between erosion parameters and sediment physical properties.     

Logistics impacts of student online shopping – Evaluating delivery consolidation to halls of residence

Growth in online shopping has led to increased numbers of small delivery vehicles in urban areas leading to a range of negative externalities. Young people are significant generators of home deliveries and, when clustered in university halls of residence, can generate considerable freight traffic to one location. This paper explores the potential to consolidate these deliveries using an urban consolidation centre. Based on the case of Southampton, UK, data were compiled from three linked sources: a delivery audit of four halls of residence at the University of Southampton housing 5050 residents; annual package receipt records from Southampton Solent University halls (2294 residents); and an online shopping survey distributed to Southampton University students (486 responses). The results suggest that in cities with multiple higher education institutions (HEIs), where in excess of 8000 students live in halls, over 13,000 courier trips could be generated annually, delivering over 4000 m³ of packages. These could be consolidated onto fewer than 300 vehicles for an annual service cost of approximately £18 per student, reducing congestion, parking infringements and improving air quality. Analysis indicated student acceptance of a consolidated parcel service but operational challenges would include enforcement, performance risk, finance and delivery speed.     

管棚成孔失水引起地表沉降因素分析

利用Biot固结理论,对管棚成孔和推进过程中因渗水而引起的沉降进行计算分析,研究管棚施工时间、管棚数量、不同的管棚直径和地层不同的渗透系数对地表沉降的影响。分析结果表明,若管棚施工从钻孔到注浆的时间控制在2 h以内,则地表最大沉降量小于5 mm;若该时间为8 h,则对应的地表沉降量可达10mm。随着管棚直径的增加,管棚施工中因失水引起的地表沉降量也随之增加。地层渗透系数的大小对沉降量的影响很大。提出控制管棚成孔和推进时间、尽可能地缩短管棚施工时间、采用小直径管棚、管棚施工中采用间隔施工等控制失水沉降的技术措施。     

堆载预压处理吹填砂软土地基的固结度分析

固结度是评价大面积吹填砂软土地基处理效果的一个重要指标。文章结合珠江某港口大面积吹砂与排水板堆载预压联合地基处理工程实践,从应变与应力两个方面分析了固结度的计算方法以及存在的问题,为类似工程中的固结度计算提供参考。     

深圳湾海底淤泥大变形固结试验研究

深圳湾海底淤泥含水量很高,在外加荷载作用下,其固结压缩过程具有明显的大变形特征。选取深圳湾西部通道口岸处海水下3 m海底淤泥制作土样,对重塑土样进行固结及渗透交叉试验。通过测定土样的孔压、压缩变形以及渗透过程中的排水量,研究深圳湾海底淤泥的体积压缩系数、大变形固结系数的变化规律。研究结果表明:深圳海底淤泥的大变形固结系数在常用荷载内变化不大,设计估算时可作为常数,而体积压缩系数在固结过程中随孔隙比的变化较大,如假定其为常量采用简化的解析求解,会使得出的结果误差较大,甚至大于采用Terzaghi固结理论计算的偏差。