秦皇岛港煤一期、煤二期翻车机系统的改造

应用新技术、新工艺,对已运行20余年的秦皇岛港煤一期、煤二期工程翻车机等系统进行全面改造,大大提高了系统的自动化程度、安全可靠性,以及作业线的生产效率和港口的卸车能力.     

30t及以上轴重货车动力性能仿真研究

随着我国铁路货运量的迅速增加,重载运输己成为我国铁路运输的主要发展方向.为了适应我国25t以上轴重重载货车运输的发展,首先建立了25 t轴重重载货车动力仿真模型,在此基础上对30 t和35 t轴重条件下车辆模型的关键参数等进行了动力学分析,优化了30 t和35 t轴重货车模型的参数取值.利用所确定货车模型参数,建立30 t和35 t轴重重载货车-轨道动力仿真模型,计算分析车辆-轨道各项动力响应,相应指标符合规范中优良等级要求.通过不同速度下的动力学响应分析,对30 t和35 t轴重重载铁路的运行速度进行初步探究,建议我国30 t和35 t轴重货车适宜的运行速度为100 km/h.     

货物列车编组计划国内外研究综述

货物列车编组计划(TFP)在铁路运输组织工作中具有非常重要的作用,其编制是一项复杂的课题。目前,在编组计划编制理论和方法研究上取得了丰硕的成果。本文从研究对象、建模方法、求解算法分别介绍国内外TFP的研究现状;在此基础上,对比并评述国内外编组计划在编制流程、构成内容和建模方法3个方面的特点;最后探讨在优化方法和优化内容上进一步研究的思路。     

STX1(2)型驮背多功能运输车超偏载检测标准

分析了STX₁₍₂)型驮背多功能运输车对既有超偏载检测方法和标准的适应性,提出了该车的超偏载检测方案,明确了公路货车或半挂车超偏载的检测方法及评判标准。     

Modelling,simulation and applications of longitudinal train dynamics

ABSTRACT

Significant developments in longitudinal train simulation and an overview of the approaches to train models and modelling vehicle force inputs are firstly presented. The most important modelling task, that of the wagon connection, consisting of energy absorption devices such as draft gears and buffers, draw gear stiffness, coupler slack and structural stiffness is then presented. Detailed attention is given to the modelling approaches for friction wedge damped and polymer draft gears. A significant issue in longitudinal train dynamics is the modelling and calculation of the input forces – the co-dimensional problem. The need to push traction performances higher has led to research and improvement in the accuracy of traction modelling which is discussed. A co-simulation method that combines longitudinal train simulation, locomotive traction control and locomotive vehicle dynamics is presented. The modelling of other forces, braking propulsion resistance, curve drag and grade forces are also discussed. As extensions to conventional longitudinal train dynamics, lateral forces and coupler impacts are examined in regards to interaction with wagon lateral and vertical dynamics. Various applications of longitudinal train dynamics are then presented. As an alternative to the tradition single wagon mass approach to longitudinal train dynamics, an example incorporating fully detailed wagon dynamics is presented for a crash analysis problem. Further applications of starting traction, air braking, distributed power, energy analysis and tippler operation are also presented.     

A signal-based fault detection and classification method for heavy haul wagons

This paper proposes a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for heavy haul wagons considering the special requirements of low cost and robustness. The sensor network of the proposed system consists of just two accelerometers mounted on the front left and rear right of the carbody. Seven fault indicators (FIs) are proposed based on the cross-correlation analyses of the sensor-collected acceleration signals. Bolster spring fault conditions are focused on in this paper, including two different levels (small faults and moderate faults) and two locations (faults in the left and right bolster springs of the first bogie). A fully detailed dynamic model of a typical 40t axle load heavy haul wagon is developed to evaluate the deterioration of dynamic behaviour under proposed fault conditions and demonstrate the detectability of the proposed FDI method. Even though the fault conditions considered in this paper did not deteriorate the wagon dynamic behaviour dramatically, the proposed FIs show great sensitivity to the bolster spring faults. The most effective and efficient FIs are chosen for fault detection and classification. Analysis results indicate that it is possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25% and identify the fault location.     

基于时间约束的铁路空车调配系统可靠性分析

为弥补现有铁路空车调配系统缺乏空车调配可靠性研究的缺陷,在传统空车调配优化模型的基础上,本文提出了一种新的基于时间约束的空车调配可靠性分析方法。通过深入分析铁路空车调配过程,建立效益最大化目标函数,生成约束条件,以规定时间内的实际到达空车数与需求空车数之比计算出各需求站的空车调配可靠性,再利用各需求站可靠性均值求解空车调配系统的可靠性。最后,使用LINGO软件进行算例分析,论证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

汽车底盘测功机加载滑行测试研究

建立我国基于国际单位制的在用车工况法尾气排放污染物测试系统中底盘测功机加载滑行测试滑行时间的计算公式。依据此公式,给出了准确的恒加载滑行测试和变加载滑行测试的计算滑行时间,对底盘测功机的加载准确度进行判定。     

A substitute model of two-dimensional dry friction exposed to dither generated by rolling contact of wheel and rail

Dither generated by rolling contact of wheel and rail smoothes dry friction damping provided by the primary suspension dampers of freight wagons and it should be taken into account in numerical simulations. But numerically the problem is non-smooth and this leads to long execution time during simulation, especially when the vehicle with friction dampers is modelled in the environment of an multi-body system simulation program, whose solver has to cope with many strong non-linearities. The other difficulty is the necessity of handling within the code a number of big volume files of recorded dither sampled with high frequency. To avoid these difficulties, a substitute model of two-dimensional dry friction exposed to dither is proposed that does not need application of dither during simulation, but it behaves as if dither were applied. Due to this property of the model, the excitation of the vehicle model by track irregularities may be supplied as low-frequency input, which allows fast execution and, the necessity of handling high-volume files of recorded dither is avoided. The substitute model is numerically effective. To identify parameters of the substitute model, a pre-processing employing a sample of the realistic dither is carried-out on a simple two-degrees-of-freedom system. The substitute model is anisotropic, describing anisotropic properties of the two-dimensional friction arising in the presence of one-dimensional dither. The model may be applied in other branches of engineering, for example, in mechatronics and robotics, where application of dither may improve the accuracy of positioning devices.     

Dynamics of railway wagons subjected to braking torques on defective tracks

It is well known that track defects cause profound effects to the dynamics of railway wagons; normally such problems are examined for cases of wagons running at a constant speed. Brake/traction torques affect the speed profile due to the wheel–rail contact characteristics but most of the wagon–track interaction models do not explicitly consider them in simulation. The authors have recently published a model for the dynamics of wagons subject to braking/traction torques on a perfect track by explicitly considering the pitch degree of freedom for wheelsets. The model is extended for cases of lateral and vertical track geometry defects and worn railhead and wheel profiles. This paper presents the results of the analyses carried out using the model extended to the dynamics of wagons containing less ideal wheel profiles running on tracks with geometry defects and worn rails.