基于改进TOPSIS的城市客运综合交通枢纽评价

城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案的优劣对城市综合交通系统的建设发展具有重大影响。为了提高城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案评价的客观性和准确性,结合城市客运综合交通枢纽客流衔接换乘的系统分析,从多维角度出发构建了城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案评价的多层次指标体系,在遵循方案评价基本原理及城市客运综合交通枢纽特点的基础上,提出了基于改进逼近理想点排序法的评价方法,用于城市客运综合交通枢纽方案的评价,建立城市客运综合交通枢纽综合评价模型。     

A signal decomposition method based on repeated extraction of maximum energy component for offshore structures

Contrary to most signal decomposition methods that usually decompose an original signal into a series of components simultaneously, a novel approach based on repeated extraction of Maximum Energy Component (MEC) is proposed. The approach starts from determination of the MEC referring to the estimated Power Spectral Density (PSD) function, and then represents the MEC by employing an exponential function to fit the original signal. By defining a stopping criterion based on two adjacent estimated PSDs, each MEC can be accurately extracted with an improved performance throughout the entire signal decomposition. To verify the proposed method, a single degree-of-freedom system subject to harmonic loads has been examined. Numerical results show that the analytical response can not only be decomposed into four MECs corresponding to the excitation and the system, respectively, but also provide an accurate estimation of natural frequency and damping ratio of the system. Meanwhile, by observing results from the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Prony based on state-space model (Prony-SS), an improved decomposition accuracy has been achieved from the proposed approach. Furthermore, experimental data from the Norwegian Deepwater Programme and two sets of field-test data from one fixed offshore platform and an offshore wind turbine have been used to demonstrate the correctness of the developed signal decomposition method. It is noted that divergence in results by Prony-SS can be observed when a very large model order is used, while the proposed method provides the better decomposition and reconstruction of signals.     

强风区铁路风沙防治工程最大输沙量与携沙风荷载计算方法

针对强风区铁路风沙流灾害防治工程,开展最大输沙量和强风携沙风荷载2个最关键工程计算问题的研究。结合现场踏勘资料与测试数据,分析风向、风力和持续时间3个影响因素对最大输沙量矢量合成与计算的控制影响,基于优势强风流理论,归纳给出信风型、季风型和对流型3种典型工程风型的输沙量计算方法,并且为准确采集沙样数据,专门设计出能随主风向自动转动的野外自动风导向积沙仪。基于现场测试数据,根据相似准则与量纲和谐原理,推导强风区携沙风单位体积沙砾颗粒流体平均飞跃速度计算公式,用于强风区携沙风冲击荷载计算,计算结果符合工程实际,满足工程计算要求。     

基于灰度对比图与最大熵的钢轨图像分割

针对CCD相机采集的钢轨表面图像灰度不均、过度曝光、噪声过大等导致的一维最大熵法无法准确分割缺陷的问题,提出一种将灰度对比图和形态学重构相结合,再用最大熵法进行分割的图像分割算法。首先求得钢轨图像的灰度对比图,接着将灰度对比图经过形态学开-闭重构获得钢轨背景图像,然后将背景图像与灰度对比图相减,得到包含缺陷的差分图,最后将差分图用最大熵法进行分割。实验表明,提出的灰度対比图法能够很好地缓解光照不均,过度曝光对检测带来的影响,形态学开-闭重构不仅能够获得所需的背景模型还能抑制一定的噪声,该算法简单、有效、鲁棒性较高,分割精度可以达到90%。     

汽车急加速噪声信号分析

汽车急加速噪声信号属于短时非平稳信号，在探讨各种时频分析方法的基础上，找到了一种适合于急加速噪声信号的处理方法——短时最大熵谱方法，这将有利于急加速噪声问题的进一步深入研究。     

相继增压系统对改善船用直列八缸发动机性能的试验研究

随着大型柴油发动机经济性和排放要求的不断提升,以及对发动机稳态、瞬态特性要求的不断提高,传统的涡轮增压系统已无法满足船用发动机全工况性能的要求。为了提高产品竞争力和适配性,针对某8缸直列船用柴油发动机开发了带有定压排气管的相继增压系统,并进行了发动机台架试验研究。结果表明：发动机中、低转速时,相继增压系统使发动机比油耗可以下降5%-10%,排气温度降低30%-45%,烟度下降55%-60%；最大扭矩可以提升15.1%-36.4%；发动机最大扭矩转速工况突加突卸响应性提升约28%-29%；相继增压系统中定压排气管的设计使得发动机高工况性能也有所提升,从而实现发动机全工况性能的提升。     

Estimation of origin-destination matrices from link counts and sporadic routing data

Estimation of origin-destination (OD) matrices from link count data is a challenging problem because of the highly indeterminate relationship between the observations and the latent route flows. Conversely, estimation is straightforward if we observe the path taken by each vehicle. We consider an intermediate problem of increasing practical importance, in which link count data is supplemented by routing information for a fraction of vehicles on the network. We develop a statistical model for these combined data sources and derive some tractable normal approximations thereof. We examine likelihood-based inference for these normal models under the assumption that the probability of vehicle tracking is known. We show that the likelihood theory can be non-standard because of boundary effects, and provide conditions under which such irregular behaviour will be observed in practice. For regular cases we outline connections with existing generalised least squares methods. We then consider estimation of OD matrices under estimated and/or misspecified models for the probability of vehicle tracking. Theoretical developments are complemented by simulation experiments and an illustrative example using a section of road network from the English city of Leicester.     

Studying the benefits of carpooling in an urban area using automatic vehicle identification data

Carpooling has been considered a solution for alleviating traffic congestion and reducing air pollution in cities. However, the quantification of the benefits of large-scale carpooling in urban areas remains a challenge due to insufficient travel trajectory data. In this study, a trajectory reconstruction method is proposed to capture vehicle trajectories based on citywide license plate recognition (LPR) data. Then, the prospects of large-scale carpooling in an urban area under two scenarios, namely, all vehicle travel demands under real-time carpooling condition and commuter vehicle travel demands under long-term carpooling condition, are evaluated by solving an integer programming model based on an updated longest common subsequence (LCS) algorithm. A maximum weight non-bipartite matching algorithm is introduced to find the optimal solution for the proposed model. Finally, road network trip volume reduction and travel speed improvement are estimated to measure the traffic benefits attributed to carpooling. This study is applied to a dataset that contains millions of LPR data recorded in Langfang, China for 1 week. Results demonstrate that under the real-time carpooling condition, the total trip volumes for different carpooling comfort levels decrease by 32–49%, and the peak-hour travel speeds on most road segments increase by 5–40%. The long-term carpooling relationship among commuter vehicles can reduce commuter trips by an average of 30% and 24% in the morning and evening peak hours, respectively, during workdays. This study shows the application potential and promotes the development of this vehicle travel mode.     

大跨刚构桥最大悬臂阶段驰振稳定性的数值风洞研究

驰振是一种钝体截面的细长结构在空气中的气动不稳定现象,其振动频率较低。大跨刚构桥最大悬臂施工阶段由于结构较柔,存在发生驰振的可能性,因此必须研究该状态下的驰振稳定性。驰振分析通常借助风洞试验进行,试验周期长,费用高。基于计算流体动力学的数值风洞方法,首先求解不可压雷诺时均N—S方程,获得桥梁主梁截面的气动力特性,然后通过求解结构驰振运动方程,以评价大跨刚构桥最大悬臂施工阶段的驰振稳定性。用于贵阳小关连续刚构桥最大悬臂施工阶段横风向驰振稳定性分析,研究表明该桥在最不利施工状态不会发生驰振。     

一种新型的势垒式限滑差速器

提出了一种新型势垒式限滑差速器。分析了这种差速器的工作原理,介绍了齿轮设计所采用的非渐开线齿形并沿齿面节线分段设计的方法,进行了台架和路试的可靠性试验、最大牵引力试验和制动距离试验。