引汉济渭工程岭北TBM无扩大洞室刀盘边块更换技术

本文以陕西省引汉济渭工程岭北TBM施工段为依托,为解决TBM在狭小空间内较大部件更换维修困难难题,开展大直径TBM刀盘边块在狭小空间内更换技术研究。通过大量研究,创新性提出新刀盘边块更换方法——基坑法,即通过专用设备配合TBM固有性能,在无扩大洞室工况下完成刀盘边块更换。经岭北TBM刀盘边块更换实例证明,此方法操作简单、适用性高,尤其在狭小空间内更具有优越性,且能节省大量维修时间,有效提高施工工效,可为同类TBM施工提供有益借鉴。     

抛石基床振夯工艺在重力式码头施工中的应用

针对重力式码头基床抛石中传统的重锤夯实及爆破夯实工艺效率较低、对周边环境影响较大等问题，进行振动夯实的试验和研究。通过典型试验确定振夯基床厚度、夯锤转速、单点振夯时间等施工参数，并分析和检验振夯效果，验证了抛石基床振夯施工工艺的可行性。该工艺可大幅度提高作业效率和夯实质量，为类似工程提供借鉴。     

整治建筑物壅水及重力相似偏离影响的初步研究

简述整治建筑物的壅水及其机理,归纳出局部水头损失壅水的通用公式。将丁坝工程壅水区分为床面摩阻损失增大壅水和局部水头损失壅水2部分。在ΔFr>0的模型中,采用换算式ΔZp=ΔZm.hλ,定性地说是偏大的。可采用换算式Δhfp=Δhfmhλ。而丁、潜坝局部水头损失的壅水,则应采用hjp=Δhjmλu02。     

苏通长江大桥4号主墩钢吊箱设计

苏通长江公路大桥4号主墩钢吊箱是目前世界桥梁建筑中采用规模最大的施工设施。阐述了4号主墩钢吊箱设计理念,确定分析了首节吊箱的起吊、吊箱整体下沉定位、浇筑水下砼封底、吊箱内抽水及承台砼浇筑等主要工况,并采用了信息化施工等先进技术。使用及现场实例结果说明钢吊箱的结构设计是十分成功的。     

Experimental study on the width of the turbulent area around bridge pier

At present, the method of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is not given in the "Standard for Inland River Navigation" (GB50139-2004) in China, and the bridge designer usually increases the bridge span in order to ensure the navigation safety, which increases both of the structural design difficulty and the project investments. Therefore, it is extremely essential to give a research on the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier. Through the experiments of the fixed bed and the mobile bed, the factors influencing the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier have been analyzed, such as the approaching flow speed, the water depth, the angles between the bridge pier and the flow direction, the sizes of bridge pier, the shapes of the bridge pier, and the scouring around the bridge pier, etc. Through applying the dimension analytic method to the measured data, the formula of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is then inferred.     

东秦岭特长隧道双线弹性整体道床施工技术

新建铁路东秦岭特长隧道采用弹性整体道床轨道基础 ,该基础弹性好 ,减少了线路维修工作量 ,降低费用。主要介绍采用组合式轨道排架法施工弹性整体道床的施工工艺、机具配套及质量控制措施     

川江上游船型比选思路探讨

本文在分析川江上游运输船舶现状的基础上,提出船型比选的原则,并阐述了对现有船型比选的思路和方法,最后介绍了采用VB开发的计算机比选程序。     

Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year^− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year^− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year^− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year^− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO₂ emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.     

长江三角洲城际轨道交通的发展

长江三角洲地区经济发达,人员流动频繁,尽管其交通网络比较发达,但仍然与经济的快速增长不适应。因此,迫切需要加快建设以开行高密度公交化旅客列车为特征的新型城际轨道交通,从而建立现代化的综合交通体系,发挥区位优势,建立资源节约型、环境友好型社会。要坚持与区域总体规划密切配合、合理选择线网等原则,遵循长江三角洲城际轨道交通线网规划的发展目标,加快建设步伐,构建长江三角洲地区综合交通运输体系。     

清水冲刷河床调整过程试验研究

通过沙质河床清水冲刷水槽试验,对河床纵剖面的调整、沙波尺度、粗化层厚度及其与沙波运动关系、粗化层级配、推移质级配等进行了观测分析,进一步揭示了清水冲刷,河床重建平衡的机理。水槽试验表明,沙质河床清水冲刷,上游河段比降调平,床沙粗化,沙波发育,河床阻力增大,水深增大,流速减小,导致河床供沙能力削弱,输沙能力降低,冲刷向不冲刷转化。