碳纤维复合材料避震塔强度性能多尺度优化设计

综合考虑机织复合材料成型及力学性能特点,设计了一体式结构3D机织碳纤维复合材料避震塔,并基于多尺度优化方法,综合考虑材料和结构参数,实现避震塔强度性能优化设计。为获取准确的仿真分析用材料参数,基于显微镜观测得到的机织参数建立多尺度预测模型。通过避震塔强度性能仿真分析与试验结果的对比,验证了考虑工艺过程影响的材料参数预测结果及结构性能仿真分析方法的正确性,与原高强钢避震塔相比,优化得到的3D机织碳纤维复合材料避震塔实现了50%的轻量化效果。     

Multi-scale perimeter control approach in a connected-vehicle environment

This paper proposes a novel approach to integrate optimal control of perimeter intersections (i.e. to minimize local delay) into the perimeter control scheme (i.e. to optimize traffic performance at the network level). This is a complex control problem rarely explored in the literature. In particular, modeling the interaction between the network level control and the local level control has not been fully considered. Utilizing the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) as the traffic performance indicator, we formulate a dynamic system model, and design a Model Predictive Control (MPC) based controller coupling two competing control objectives and optimizing the performance at the local and the network level as a whole. To solve this highly non-linear optimization problem, we employ an approximation framework, enabling the optimal solution of this large-scale problem to be feasible and efficient. Numerical analysis shows that by applying the proposed controller, the protected network can operate around the desired state as expressed by the MFD, while the total delay at the perimeter is minimized as well. Moreover, the paper sheds light on the robustness of the proposed controller. This multi-scale hybrid controller is further extended to a stochastic MPC scheme, where connected vehicles (CV) serve as the only data source. Hence, low penetration rates of CVs lead to strong noises in the controller. This is a first attempt to develop a network-level traffic control methodology by using the emerging CV technology. We consider the stochasticity in traffic state estimation and the shape of the MFD. Simulation analysis demonstrates the robustness of the proposed stochastic controller, showing that efficient controllers can indeed be designed with this newly-spread vehicle technology even in the absence of other data collection schemes (e.g. loop detectors).     

DDARF多尺度网格划分方法及其应用

为优化非连续变形分析(Discontinuous Deformation Analysis for Rock Failure)中计算精度和计算时间的关系,文章提出了DDARF多尺度网格划分方法,分别建立了多尺度网格和均匀网格的单轴压缩模型,并进行了数值试验和室内试验的对比;将多尺度网格划分方法应用于大型地下洞室开挖,对洞室附近区域进行了针对性研究。结果表明:DDARF多尺度网格与均匀网格模型单轴压缩试验相比,网格数量相同时提高了裂隙附近的计算精度,裂隙扩展规律与室内试验更为吻合;多尺度网格划分方法应用于地下洞室的开挖,在相同计算精度下减少了计算时间,提高了效率,位移规律和FLAC计算结果吻合度较高;多尺度网格划分方法完善并加强了DDARF模拟岩体裂隙扩展的功能,对大型岩土工程稳定性的优化分析具有重要的实用意义。     

Multi-scale modeling of fatigue crack propagation applied to random sequence of clustered loading

Fatigue crack propagation in marine structures is obviously governed by mechanics of the considerably different four levels of multi-scale problems. Problems of structural response to environmental loads have length scale of several hundred meters, whereas possible detectable size of cracks from initial defects in a weld is of the order of millimeters. Once a fatigue crack initiates, crack tip plasticity is of the order of several grain sizes, while the resulting fatigue crack growth in each load cycle is of the order of nanometers. In our previous work, the first author and their associates have developed the so-called CP-System, which can treat the first two multi-level problems as an integrated system. Furthermore, we have incorporated the third level of mechanics by using the stress intensity range corresponding to the repeated tensile plastic deformation ahead of the crack tip. In the present paper, we shall discuss a more rational integral equation-based formulation in order to integrate the third and fourth levels of micro-mechanics to the first two levels of continuum mechanics.The method is then applied to fatigue crack propagation under the effects of random sequence of clustered loading. As an example of the random sequence of clustered load, we shall use the so-called “storm model”. In the crack propagation simulation, we have to take into account of the plastic wake on the crack surfaces, whose thicknesses are influenced by the material parameters involved in the crack growth model. These parameters are first identified by the fatigue tests under combined constant and random loading using a CT specimen. Then, fatigue crack growth is investigated by numerical simulation and fatigue tests for various random sequences of clustered loading. The experimental and numerical results agree quite well with each other, and fatigue crack propagation is found to be considerably retarded under random sequence loading, so that the conventional equivalent stress approach may provide rather conservative results to the real seaway loading.     

A multi-scale point of view on the structure-property relationships of A15 superconductors

Nb3Sn and other A15 members have been widely applied in nuclear power, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-energy particle accelerators for their high critical current density （Jc） and upper critical field （Bc2）. There have been comprehensive and intensive studies on the applications, the fundamental lattice dynamic and electronic properties, etc., of A15 superconductors. Various reviews on the preparations, structures, and properties have already been written in the last few years. Nevertheless, on account of the large amount of existing facts and views, a coherent view on the relations between the structures and properties has not appeared to unify the facts. This article sketches a multi-scale point of view on the relations between the multi- scale structures and the corresponding properties.