多模式交通环境下上海居民职住选择行为

随着城市尺度不断扩张,由职住分离带来的长距离、长时间通勤交通问题日益严重。为研究多模式交通环境上海居民职住位置选择行为及其影响因素,基于网络问卷调查数据、上海市路网数据及房价数据,构建方式选择与目的地选择联合模型,按照选择次序,分析各出行方式的服务水平和房价等变量对居住地和工作地的选择影响。结果表明,居民倾向于选择通勤距离近、交通可达性良好、房价低和人文生活环境较好的小区工作生活,同时年长者和低收入群体对通勤距离和房价更敏感。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

湘潭湘江四大桥桩基混凝土的配合比设计及其应用

本文综述了湘潭湘江四大桥桩基混凝土配合比设计过程中对原材料的选择,及其在实际工程应用过程中灵活使用外加剂后掺法解决了外加剂与水泥适应性不良的问题,保证了工程的质量和施工进度。     

Development of Green-Naghdi models with a wave-absorbing beach for nonlinear, irregular wave propagation

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain.     

多值非线性系统的自适应控制

提出了带有多值非线性环节的线性离散系统的自适应控制算法，仿真实验的结果表明：该算法简单易行具有明显的优点，跟踪误差比采用一般的自适应控制算法时要小得多，且能保证闭环系统大范围近收敛。     

汽车企业的技术人力资源战略

分析汽车企业中技术人力资源流失的原因,浅谈人才战略选择。     

建构主义学习理论及其倡导的教学模式

本文简要分析了建构主义全新的学习理论以及受其理论影响而形成的教学模式,并结合其基本理论阐述了对大学英语教学的启示。文章认为,教学模式和教学方法的改革离不开现代外语教学理论的指导,建构主义学习理论对传统的教学理论和观念提出了挑战,为大学英语教学模式的转变提供了理论依据。     

厦门港口所需配备的大型浮吊探讨

厦门港口配置的浮吊技术性能己严重滞后,跟不上港口发展的态势。进行了厦门港码头上门式起重机的参数分析,载重货轮的技术分析、业务工作量的分析,对厦门港大型浮吊的选型提出了建议。     

Estimation of value of travel time reliability

In mode choice decision, travelers consider not only travel time but also reliability of its modes. In this paper, reliability was expressed in terms of standard deviation and maximum delay that were measured based on triangular distribution. In order to estimate value of time and value of reliability, the Multinomial and Nested Logit models were used. The analysis results revealed that reliability is an important factor affecting mode choice decisions. Elasticity is used to estimate the impacts of the different policies and system improvements for water transportation mode. Among these policies, decision maker can assess and select the best alternative by doing the benefit and cost analysis based on a new market share, the value of time, and the value of reliability. Finally, a set of promising policies and system improvement of the water transportation were proposed.     

桩承式路堤土拱效应形成机制离散元模拟

针对桩承式路堤,分别建立二维和三维离散元分析模型,开展土拱形成过程数值模拟。从细观角度研究不同路堤高度条件下桩承式路堤土拱形态和荷载传递机制,获得土拱效应充分发挥条件下的土体沉降模式,其模式呈现为椭圆形拱状。二维分析结果表明,当路堤填土高度达到一定值时,其高度约为0.8倍桩净距。由于二维土拱模型只能反映一个截面上的土拱效应,因而高估了路堤荷载传递效率。相比二维Trapdoor分析结果,三维条件下土拱效应充分发挥时所需的桩-土差异沉降更大,桩顶和桩间土压力随差异沉降的变化速率更慢,荷载传递效率更低且受填土高度影响更高。